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The prenatal care of a woman is crucial when it comes to maternal and childcare. The concept of substance abuse can negatively impact the wellbeing of the child. The condition a child exposed to opioid intake includes neonatal abstinence syndrome. This syndrome consists of withdrawal after prenatal exposure to opioids. 

According to Sanlorenzo, Stark, and Patrick, the presentation of neonatal abstinence syndrome includes hyperactivity within the nervous and gastrointestinal systm (2018). This includes tremors, irritation, lack of feeding, slow weight gain, vomiting, diarrhea, or a high pitch cry.

 The mother will continue to use drugs, which will increase the resistance, addiction, and possible start of more drugs. This can lead to poor living conditions and further complications due to a decline in self-care needs. Likewise, the long-term risks for the child consists of developmental delays and behavior concerns. 

According to Maguire et al., the child can experience vision, motor, cognitive, sleeping and ear disturbances due to the exposure (2016). This would require referrals to adequately treat the presentation and potentially early interventions programs that promote developmental growth. Correspondingly, the child may be prone to child abuse or neglect and substance abuse. Therefore, the child requires a thorough assessment and extensive treatment regimens to reduce the exposure and reach an optimal level of function.  

Peri-natal Risks 

• Growth restriction 
• Abrupto placenta 
• Pre-term  
• Death 

Post-natal Risks- infant 

• Low birth weight 
• Premature 
• Small head circumference 
• Maltreatment 
• Vision problems 

Post-natal Risks- mother 

• Addiction 
• Overdosing 
• Polysubstance abuse 
• Poor living conditions 
• Death 

References: 

Maguire, D. J., Taylor, S., Armstrong, K., Shaffer-Hudkins, E., Germain, A. M., Brooks, S. S., … Clark, L. (2016). Long-term outcomes of infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Neonatal Network, 35(5), 277–286. doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.35.5.277 

Sanlorenzo, L. A., Stark, A. R., & Patrick, S. W. (2018). Neonatal abstinence syndrome: an update. Current opinion in pediatrics, 30(2), 182–186. doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000589