TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE                                                                                                            

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                                                       2

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Distribution of uses of WhatsApp for educational purpose.  32

Table 2: Assignment Scaffolding by Fedko and Skene’s (2018)                                                          41

Table 3:  Methodoligal issues of previous research and literature                                                        64

Table 4:  Data collection plan                                                                                                  82

Table 5:  Examples of the use of WhatsApp Application to support low- and high order thinking learning activities                                                                                                                                 78

Table 6: Examples of using WhatsApp Group Application to achieve learning objectives of a subject “Multinational Corporation”                                                                                                    80

Table 7: Summary of Analytical Framework                                                                                       98

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: WhatsApp Application as an Online Social Media Tool for Asynchronous Online Discussions to Enhance Critical Thinking Among Students                                                                             17

Figure 2: Vygotsky's zone of proximal development                                                               22

Figure 3: The data Analysis Process                                                                                         88

CHAPTER 1         INTRODUCTION

         1.1    Background to the Study                                                                  5

         1.2    Problem Statement                                                                            7

      1.3    Objectives of the Study                                                                    11

         1.4    Research Questions                                                                          11

         1.5    Significance of the Study                                                                12

      1.6    Limitation of Study                                                                         14

         1.7    Definitions of Terms                                                                        15

         1.8    Research Framework                                                                       17