Laveist and Nuru-Jeter (A-4) conducted a study determine if doctor-patient race concordance was associated with greater satisfaction with care.
statistics
Description
1. Daniel 3.4.4:
Laveist
and Nuru-Jeter (A-4) conducted a study determine if doctor-patient race
concordance was associated with greater satisfaction with care. Toward that
end, they collected a national sample of African-American, Caucasian, Hispanic,
and Asia- American respondents. The following table classifies the race of the
subjects as well as the race of their physician;
Patient’s race
|
Physician’s race |
Caucasian |
African-American |
Hispanic |
Asian American |
Total |
|
White |
779 |
436 |
406 |
175 |
1796 |
|
African - America |
14 |
162 |
15 |
5 |
196 |
|
Hispanic |
19 |
17 |
128 |
2 |
166 |
|
Asian/Pacific |
68 |
75 |
71 |
203 |
417 |
|
Islander |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
30 |
55 |
56 |
4 |
145 |
|
Total |
910 |
745 |
676 |
389 |
2720 |
a.
What is the probability that a randomly
selected subject will have an Asian/pacific-islander physician?
b.
What is the probability that an
African-American subject will have an African-American physician?
c.
What is the probability that a randomly
selected subject in the study will be Asian-American and have an Asian/Pacific-islander
physician?
d.
What is the probability that a subject chosen
at random will be Hispanic or have a Hispanic physician?
e.
Use the concept of complimentary events to
find the probability that a subject chosen at random in the study doesn’t have
a white physician.
2. Daniel
3.4.7:
In a
certain population of hospital patients the probability is .35 that a randomly
selected patient will have heart disease. The probability is .86 that a patient
with heart disease is a smoker. What is the probability that a patient randomly
selected from the population will be a smoker and have heart disease?
3. Daniel
3.5.3:
Oexle et al. (A-7)
calculated the negative predictive value of a test for carriers of X-linked
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD—a disorder of the urea cycle). A
test known as the“allopurinol test” is often used as a screening device of
potential carriers whose relatives are OTCD patients.
They
cited a study by Brusilow and Horwich (A-8) that estimated the sensitivity of
the allopurinol test as .927. Oexle et al. themselves estimated the specificity
of the allopurinol test as .997. Also they estimated the prevalence in the
population of individuals with OTCD as 1/32000. Use this information and
Bayes’s theorem to calculate the predictive value negative of the allopurinol
screening test.
4.
A study investigates the accuracy of a certain
home pregnancy test. The sensitivity of the test is 0.8 and the specificity is
0.68
(a) Compute
the false positive and false negative rates.
(b) Suppose 60% of the women who use the pregnancy
test are actually pregnant. Compute the predictive value positive and
predictive value negative of the test.
(c) Interpret
each of the computed probabilities in the context of the problem.
