Top of Form
An important advantage of the sequential tree implementation is that (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. It is an extremely shallow tree
b. The data structure can be transmitted between computers
c. It saves space because no pointers are stored
d. It uses dynamic nodes
The correct answer is: It saves space because no pointers are stored
Question 2
A solution is said to be efficient if it:
Select one:
a. Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
b. Executes faster than other solutions
c. Is completed in the fewest number of steps
d. Can be explained in the context of Big-Oh notation
The correct answer is: Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
Question 3
Asymptotic Algorithm Analysis is primarily concerned with:
Select one:
a. The size of the constant in the algorithm running time equation
b. The speed of the computing running the algorithm
c. The speed of the compiler
d. The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
The correct answer is: The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
Question 4
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return Position of largest value in "A“ */
static int largest(int[] A) {
int currlarge = 0; // Position of largest
for (int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
if (A[currlarge] < A[i])
currlarge = i; // Remember pos
return currlarge; // Return largest pos
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 5
The process of determining if two objects are in the same set and then merging those sets is called:
Select one:
a. a Union Operation
b. Union / Find
c. a Weighted Union
d. a Merge Operation
The correct answer is: Union / Find
Question 6
A sequential tree can be represented using a bit vector?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 7
Enqueue and Dequeue are notations associated with which data structure:
Select one:
a. Queue
b. Stack
c. List
d. Array
The correct answer is: Queue
Question 8
True/False: The stack data structure is implemented as a LIFO structure (last in first out)
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 9
Correctly identify the following heap structure by selecting the best answer:
Select one:
a. partially ordered heap
b. max-heap structure
c. priority heap
d. min-heap structure
The correct answer is: max-heap structure
Question 10
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 11
A finite set of one or more nodes such that there is one designated node call the root is a: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Parent root
b. a B+ tree data structure
c. Index
d. Tree
The correct answer is: Tree
Question 12
If A={1, 2, 3, 4} and B={4, 5, 6}, find A∪ B .
Select one:
a. {1,2,3,4,4,5,6}
b. {4}
c. {x | x is all positive integers}
d. {1,2,3,4,5,6}
The correct answer is: {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Question 13
Select the answer that best defines Huffman Coding:
Select one:
a. A set of coding rules that is typically used for compression
b. A fixed length coding scheme for character representation
c. A tree structure that trades off space and time requirements to provide a more efficient priority queue
d. An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
The correct answer is: An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
Question 14
A leaf is any node that:
Select one:
a. Has one child
b. Is an internal node with no ancestors
c. Is any node with two empty children
d. Is the ancestor of the root node
The correct answer is: Is any node with two empty children
Question 15
A linked list implementation relies upon static memory allocation where static refers to the requirement to pre-allocate all of the memory that will be used for the list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 16
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i *= 2) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
count++;
}
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here the outer loop is done log n times and the inner loop is done n times, so T(n) = n log n. (Note that the default base for logarithms in Computer Science is 2.)
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 17
In linked lists there are no NULL links in:
Select one:
a. Single linked list
b. Linear doubly linked list
c. Circular linked list
d. None of these
The correct answer is: Circular linked list
Question 18
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 19
A list is said to be empty when all of its elements have a zero (0) value
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 20
A full binary tree has a restricted shape which starts at the root and fills the tree by levels from left to right.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 21
Which of the following is NOT one of the design patterns outlined in our text.
Select one:
a. Flyweight
b. Visitor
c. Composite
d. Synergy
The correct answer is: Synergy
Question 22
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 23
The most time consuming of the following operations on an array based list implementation is:
Select one:
a. Inserting a new element at position n-1 in the list where n is the number of elements in the list.
b. Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
c. Removing an element at position n-1 within the list
d. Removing an element from the tail of the list.
The correct answer is: Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
Question 24
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an algorithm?
Select one:
a. It must be correct
b. It must be composed of concrete steps
c. It can have no ambiguity
d. It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
The correct answer is: It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
Question 25
For the following code fragment, select the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Towers of Hanoi
static void solveHanoi(int disks, char fromPole, char toPole, char withPole) {
if (disks >= 1) {
solveHanoi(disks-1, fromPole, withPole, toPole);
moveDisk(fromPole, toPole);
solveHanoi(disks-1, withPole, toPole, fromPole);
}
}
static void moveDisk(char fromPole, char toPole) {
moves++;
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Bottom of Form
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 2
The weighted union rule joins a tree with fewer nodes to a tree with more nodes by making the smaller tree’s root point to the root of the larger tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 3
The depth of node H in the following tree is:
Select one:
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 1
The correct answer is: 3
Question 4
The most significant difference between the B+-Tree and the BST is that the B+-Tree stores records only at the leaf nodes.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 5
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 6
The quicksort is typically slower than the heapsort by a constant factor.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 7
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Ω( n2 )
Choice 2. Ω( log n2 )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. O ( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Cho =!Question 8
A compound computed search that combines a binary search to get close to the required record and then uses sequential search to find the item is referred to as a/an:
Select one:
a. Zipf search
b. An Exact match search
c. A Dictionary search
d. bit map vector search
The correct answer is: A Dictionary search
Question 9
The process for visiting all of the nodes of a binary tree in some order is called a traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 10
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum2 = 0;
for (k=1; k<=n; k*=2)
for (j=1; j<=k; j++)
sum2++;
}
Choice 1. O( 2n )
Choice 2. Θ ( n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 11
A linked list creates order through the use of pointers that link one element to another.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 12
Inserting or removing an item at position n-1 within a linked list has the same cost in terms ( n ) time as the same operation in an array based implementation of a list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 13
Select the answer that best defines Huffman Coding:
Select one:
a. A set of coding rules that is typically used for compression
b. A fixed length coding scheme for character representation
c. A tree structure that trades off space and time requirements to provide a more efficient priority queue
d. An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
The correct answer is: An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
Question 14
A tree data structure whose shape obeys the following definition,
o A node contains one or two keys
o Every internal node has either 2 children if it contains 1 key or 3 children if it contains two keys
o All leaves are at the same level in the tree
Is called a/an:
Select one:
a. B*-Tree
b. BST
c. B+-Tree
d. 2-3 tree
The correct answer is: 2-3 tree
Question 15
Data is stored within the disk drive on the: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Spindle
b. Platter
c. Cylinder
d. Sector
The correct answer is: Platter
Question 16
For the following code fragment, select the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Towers of Hanoi
static void solveHanoi(int disks, char fromPole, char toPole, char withPole) {
if (disks Hanoi(disks-1, withPole, toPole, fromPole);
}
}
static void moveDisk(char fromPole, char toPole) {
moves++;
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Question 17
The full binary tree theorem states “the number of leaves in an empty full binary tree is@8 is 'False'.
Question 18
A full binary tree has a restricted shape which starts at the root and fills the tree by levels from left to right.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 19
A list that organizes the order of records within the list based upon patterns of actual record access is called a/an (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. Quadratic Binary search order
b. A Zipf Distribution
c. A Self-organizing list
d. A range query
The correct answer is: A Self-organizing list
Question 20
An exchange sort is one where: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Records in an unsorted list are moved to a sorted list
b. Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
c. An inversion is executed
d. The sorting algorithm is said to be stable
The correct answer is: Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
Question 21
An algorithm that breaks a file to be sorted in smaller files called runs which are sorted and eventually put back together resulting in a sorted file is called:
Select one:
a. Quicksort algorithm
b. Replacement sort algorithm
c. An indexed key sort algorithm
d. Mergesort algorithm
The correct answer is: Mergesort algorithm
Question 22
The lower bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 23
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum1 = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
sum1++;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n2 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( log n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 24
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
A[k] = k;
return A[k];
}
Choice 1. O ( n2 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Ω( n2 )
Choice 4. Θ ( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 25
A technique that allows a programmer to use more main memory than exists in the computer is called: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Buffer cache
b. Random access memory
c. Secondary storage
d. Virtual memory
The correct answer is: Virtual memory
Question 26
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int key) {
int left = 0;
int right = a.length-1;
while (left <= right) {
int mid = left + (right-left)/2;
if (key < a[mid]) right = mid-1;
else if (key > a[mid]) left = mid+1;
else return mid;
}
//not found
return -1;
}
Option 1. Ω( 1 ), O( log n )
Option 2. Ω( n ), O( 2n )
Option 3. Θ( n log n )
Option 4. Θ( log n )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 27
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
A[k] = k;
return A[k];
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n log n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. O( n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 28
A list is
Select one:
a. An ADT for storing and retrieving data
b. A tree data structure
c. Finite ordered sequence of data items
d. A collection of operations to implement an ADT
The correct answer is: Finite ordered sequence of data items
Question 29
Internal Fragmentation refers to: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector
b. Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent on the disk drive
c. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
d. None of the options
The correct answer is: Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
Question 30
The best asymptotic analysis for the selection sort is represented by (select the best option):
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 31
Each record of a database normally has a unique identifier called the:
Select one:
a. Secondary Key
b. Primary index
c. Primary key
d. Index key
The correct answer is: Primary key
Question 32
True/False: The queue data structure is implemented as FIFO structure (first in first out)
:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 33
The benefit of a quicksort is that it provides excellent performance in both the average and worst case:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 34
Setting the dirty bit causes what action to be performed on a block: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. It is deleted because it is no longer consistent
b. It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
c. Refreshes the data by re-reading the block
d. It cleans the cache by flushing all data from the cache
The correct answer is: It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
Question 35
According to the properties of logarithms, log(nm) =
Note: Due to issues with HTML formatting, an exponent is represented by preceding it with the ^ symbol. As such x^2 is equivalent to x2.
Select one:
a. log n – log m
b. n log n
c. log n + log m
d. log(n^m)
The correct answer is: log n + log m
Question 36
A sorting algorithm that assigns records to bins and then relies on some other sorting technique to sort the records within each bin called:
Select one:
a. Radix Sort
b. Quicksort
c. Hash sort
d. Bucket sort
The correct answer is: Bucket sort
Question 37
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 38
In linked lists there are no NULL links in:
Select one:
a. Single linked list
b. Linear doubly linked list
c. Circular linked list
d. None of these
The correct answer is: Circular linked list
Question 39
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i *= 2) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
count++;
}
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here the outer loop is done log n times and the inner loop is done n times, so T(n) = n log n. (Note that the default base for logarithms in Computer Science is 2.)
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 40
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
for (i=1; i<=j; i++)
sum++;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n2 )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 41
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by:
Select one:
a. Big Oh (O)
b. Big Omega (Ω)
c. Big Theta (Θ)
d. Exponential growth
The correct answer is: Big Oh (O)
Question 42
Which of the following is NOT one of the design patterns outlined in our text.
Select one:
a. Flyweight
b. Visitor
c. Composite
d. Synergy
The correct answer is: Synergy
Question 43
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum1 = 0;
for (k=1; k<=n; k*=2)
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
sum1++;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 44
When big-Oh and coincide, we indicate this by using (select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 45
A traversal that visits the left subtree, then the node, and then the right subtree is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder Traversal
b. Postorder Traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Inorder Traversal
Question 46
A sequential tree can be represented using a bit vector?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 47
A list is said to be empty when all of its elements have a zero (0) value
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 48
A sort algorithm that uses two nested loops with the inner loop moving through the array from bottom to top is called the:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Bubble sort
Question 49
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an algorithm?
Select one:
a. It must be correct
b. It must be composed of concrete steps
c. It can ha =Per is: It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
Question 50
Which of the following is not a mathematical proof technique?
Select one:
a. Proof by mathematical induction
b. Proof by contradiction
c. Direct proof
d. Proof by consensus
The correct answer is: Proof by consensus
Question 51
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 52
A collection of one or more trees is called:
Select one:
a. Trees
b. Multiple Spanning Trees
c. a Forest
d. Traversals
The correct answer is: a Forest
Question 53
The most time consuming of the following operations on an array based list implementation is:
Select one:
a. Inserting a new element at position n-1 in the list where n is the number of elements in the list.
b. Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
c. Removing an element at position n-1 within the list
d. Removing an element from the tail of the list.
The correct answer is: Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
Question 54
In a queue, placing new items in the queue is referred to as a push and taking an item out of the queue is called a pop.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 55
A method that is designed to create extremely shallow trees is called:
Select one:
a. Dynamic node implementation
b. Union/Find
c. The list of children method
d. Path compression
The correct answer is: Path compression
Question 56
Correctly identify the following heap structure by selecting the best answer:
Select one:
a. partially ordered heap
b. max-heap structure
c. priority heap
d. min-heap structure
The correct answer is: max-heap structure
Question 57
True/False: There is always one most efficient algorithm to solve a particular problem.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 58
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
if (a.length > 0) {
return a[a.length - 1];
} else {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here n = a.length, and T(n) = 1.
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 59
An ADT is:
Select one:
a. A type together with a collection of operations to manipulate the type
b. An implementation of a flyweight design pattern
c. The realization of a data type as a software component
d. An implementation in java of a class for a data type
The correct answer is: The realization of a data type as a software search algorithms:
Select one:
a. Buffer cache access methods
b. Sequential and list methods
c. Direct access by key value (hashing)
d. Tree indexing methods
The correct answer is: Buffer cache access methods
Question 61
A preorder traversal visits every node starting at the leaf nodes and working up the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 62
A tree whose internal nodes all have exactly K children is called @8
According to textbook by Shaffer, a heap data structure has two properties which are:
Select one:
a. every node stores a value less than or equal to that of its children and it is a complete binary tree
b. it is a min-heap and is partially ordered
c. it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
d. it is a priority queue and is in Θ( n )
The correct answer is: it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
Question 64
A traversal that visits each node before visiting its children is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder traversal
b. Postorder traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Preorder traversal
Question 65
A traversal of a general tree that traverses the roots subtrees from left to right, then visits the root is called a preorder traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 66
Which of the following is NOT one of the buffer pool heuristics defined in the text : (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. FIFO
b. LIFO
c. LRU
d. LFU
The correct answer is: LIFO
Question 67
A solution is said to be efficient if it:
Select one:
a. Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
b. Executes faster than other solutions
c. Is completed in the fewest number of steps
d. Can be explained in the context of Big-Oh notation
The correct answer is: Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
Question 68
The list of children approach uses both pointers and an array structure to represent the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 69
A characteristic of RAM (random access memory) is that it is persistent and is not lost when the power to a computer is turned off.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 70
For the following code fragment, select option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
//
// Search in array a for smallest element starting at i to n-1
//
minIndex = findSmallestElement(a, i, n-1)
a[i] = a[minIndex];
}
findSmallestElement( int a[], int i, int n ) {
int largest = a[i];
while(i<n) {
if(a[i] >a[largest])
largest = i;
i++;
}
return(largest);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
index-of-smallest element in a[i..j] takes j-i+1 operations
• n + (n-1) + (n-2) + (n-3) + ... + 3 + 2 + 1
• this is n2
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 71
Push and Pop are notations associated with which data structure:
Select one:
a. Queue
b. Stack
c. List
d. Array
The correct answer is: Stack
Question 72
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum2 = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
for (j=1; j<=i; j++)
sum2++;
}
}
Choice 1. Ω ( 1 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n2 )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 73
The process of storing records in the order that they were added to a file is called:
Select one:
a. Entry-sequenced file
b. Binary Sequenced file
c. LIFO file format
d. Tombstone approach
The correct answer is: Entry-sequenced file
Question 74
Secondary storage is characterized by the following:
Select one:
a. It is persistent
b. It is faster than primary storage
c. It is volatile
d. It is more expensive than primary storage
The correct answer is: It is persistent
Question 75
Which of the following items is NOT true for Array-Based Lists (please select the best choice):
Choice 1. Insertion and deletion operations are ( n )
Choice 2. Direct access of an item in the array is ( 1 )
Choice 3. Space used grows dynamically as the array is populated
Choice 4. Array contains wasted space if array positions are not full
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 76
A linear index is an index file organized as a sequence of key/pointer pairs where the keys are in a sorter order.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 77
In a stack which option would access the 3rd element from the top of the stack S
Option 1. S.push(-1);
Option 2. S.dequeue(-3);
Option 3. S.pop();
S.pop();
S.pop();
Option 4. S.pop(n-3);
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 78
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Recursive Fibonacci generator
static long fibr(int n) {
if ((n == 1) || (n == 2)) return 1; // Base case
return fibr(n-1) + fibr(n-2); // Recursive call
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Question 79
A binary tree traversal that lists every node in the tree exactly once is called:
Select one:
a. a Traversal
b. A visitor design pattern
c. An enumeration
d. Natural ordering sequence
The correct answer is: An enumeration
Question 80
The process of storing blocks of data in main memory after reading from disk is referred to as:
Select one:
a. Buffering
b. Hashing
c. Pooling
d. Indexing
The correct answer is: Buffering
Question 81
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Ω( n2 )
Choice 2. Θ ( n2 )
Choice 3. O( log n )
Choice 4. O( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 82
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return The position of an element in sorted array A with value k. If k is not in A,return A.length. */
static int binary(int[] A, int k) {
int l = -1; // Set l and r
int r = A.length; // beyond array bounds
while (l+1 != r) { // Stop when l, r meet
int i = (l+r)/2; // Check middle
if (k < A[i]) r = i; // In left half
if (k == A[i]) return i; // Found it
if (k > A[i]) l = i; // In right half
}
return A.length; // Search value not in A
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. O( log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 83
A linked list implementation relies upon static memory allocation where static refers to the requirement to pre-allocate all of the memory that will be used for the list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 84
A traversal that visits each node after visiting its children is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder Traversal
b. Postorder Traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Postorder Traversal
Question 85
A sort where the list is divided into halves, the halves sorted and these two halves are merged is called:
Select one:
a. Mergesort
b. Binary sort
c. Quicksort
d. Heapsort
The correct answer is: Mergesort
Question 86
A coding scheme that replaces repeated occurrences of strings with a pointer to the location in the file of the first occurrence of the string is called Ziv-Lempel coding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 87
A sort that features a limit of n-1 of record swaps is called:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Selection sort
Question 88
A finite set of one or more nodes such that there is one designated node call the root is a: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Parent root
b. a B+ tree data structure
c. Index
d. Tree
The correct answer is: Tree
Question 89
The freelist …
Select one:
a. Provides access to memory within the operating system that has not yet been allocated
b. Provides access to memory objects which have no Big O ( n ) time.
c. Facilitates and encourages the use of the new operator.
d. Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use.
The correct answer is: Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use.
Question 90
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Option 1. Ω( n2 )
Option 2. Θ ( n )
Option 3. O( log n )
Option 4. O( 2n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 91
True/False: The stack data structure is implemented as a LIFO structure (last in first out)
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 92
A leaf is any node that:
Select one:
a. Has one child
b. Is an internal node with no ancestors
c. Is any node with two empty children
d. Is the ancestor of the root node
The correct answer is: Is any node with two empty children
Question 93
Which of the following is NOT true for Linked Lists structures (please select the best choice):
Choice 1. Insertion and deletion are ( 1 ).
Choice 2. Direct access of an item in the list structure is ( n ).
Choice 3. Space grows with number of elements.
Choice 4. There is no overhead associated with elements in the list structure
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 94
Enqueue and Dequeue are notations associated with which data structure:
Select one:
a. Queue
b. Stack
c. List
d. Array
public E getValue ( ) {
assert (curr >= 0) && (curr < listSize) :
"No current element";
return listArray[curr];
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. O( 1 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 96
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return Position of largest value in "A“ */
static int largest(int[] A) {
int currlarge = 0; // Position of largest
for (int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
if (A[currlarge] < A[i])
currlarge = i; // Remember pos
return currlarge; // Return largest pos
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 97
The process of determining if two objects are in the same set and then merging those sets is called:
Select one:
a. a Union Operation
b. Union / Find
c. a Weighted Union
d. a Merge Operation
The correct answer is: Union / Find
Question 98
The implementation of a data type as a data structure is the physical form of an ADT.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 99
An important advantage of the sequential tree implementation is that (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. It is an extremely shallow tree
b. The data structure can be transmitted between computers
c. It saves space because no pointers are stored
d. It uses dynamic nodes
The correct answer is: It saves space because no pointers are stored
Question 100
The processing time or cost of a sort is defined by the number of comparisons and exchanges that must be made during processing. What is the average cost of the heapsort?:
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 101
A significant benefit to using an index to hold and sort keys to a file is:
Select one:
a. Smaller keys require less I/O
b. The entire sort can always be completed in memory
c. The head of the disk drive does not need to move
d. There is no seek time added to the latency of I/O operations
The correct answer is: Smaller keys require less I/O
Question 102
If A={1, 2, 3, 4} and B={4, 5, 6}, find A∪ B .
Select one:
a. {1,2,3,4,4,5,6}
b. {4}
c.p
Question 103
The process of associating a key with the location of a corresponding data record is called folding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 104
Asymptotic Algorithm Analysis is primarily concerned with:
Select one:
a. The size of the constant in the algorithm running time equation
b. The speed of the computing running the algorithm
c. The speed of the compiler
d. The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
The correct answer is: The growth@8 in a quicksort algorithm?
Select one:
a. It identifies the maxkey value
b. It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
c. It defines the sequence for merging in the sort
d. It indicates the index of the current record being compared
The correct answer is: It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
Question 106
Recursion is when an algorithm uses a series of loop structures to repeat an operation until the answer has been computed.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
A sort that features a limit of n-1 of record swaps is called:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Selection sort
Question 2
A list is said to be empty when all of its elements have a zero (0) value
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 3
A characteristic of RAM (random access memory) is that it is persistent and is not lost when the power to a computer is turned off.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 4
Correctly identify the following heap structure by selecting the best answer:
Select one:
a. partially ordered heap
b. max-heap structure
c. priority heap
d. min-heap structure
The correct answer is: max-heap structure
Question 5
True/False: The queue data structure is implemented as FIFO structure (first in first out)
:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 6
The process for visiting all of the nodes of a binary tree in some order is called a traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 7
A traversal that visits each node before visiting its children is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder traversal
b. Postorder traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Preorder traversal
Question 8
A sort where the list is divided into halves, the halves sorted and these two halves are merged is called:
Select one:
a. Mergesort
b. Binary sort
c. Quicksort
d. Heapsort
The correct answer is: Mergesort
Question 9
A linked list implementation relies upon static memory allocation where static refers to the requirement to pre-allocate all of the memory that will be used for the list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 10
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
public E getValue ( ) {
assert (curr >= 0) && (curr < listSize) :
"No current element";
return listArray[curr];
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. O( 1 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 11
The list of children approach uses both pointers and an array structure to represent the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 12
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by:
Select one:
a. Big Oh (O)
b. Big Omega (Ω)
c. Big Theta (Θ)
d. Exponential growth
The correct answer is: Big Oh (O)
Question 13
A preorder traversal visits every node starting at the leaf nodes and working up the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 14
Select the answer that best defines Huffman Coding:
Select one:
a. A set of coding rules that is typically used for compression
b. A fixed length coding scheme for character representation
c. A tree structure that trades off space and time requirements to provide a more efficient priority queue
d. An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
The correct answer is: An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
Question 15
An exchange sort is one where: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Records in an unsorted list are moved to a sorted list
b. Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
c. An inversion is executed
d. The sorting algorithm is said to be stable
The correct answer is: Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
Question 16
The processing time or cost of a sort is defined by the number of comparisons and exchanges that must be made during processing. What is the average cost of the heapsort?:
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 17
A linked list creates order through the use of pointers that link one element to another.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 18
A technique that allows a programmer to use more main memory than exists in the computer is called: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Buffer cache
b. Random access memory
c. Secondary storage
d. Virtual memory
The correct answer is: Virtual memory
Question 19
A list that organizes the order of records within the list based upon patterns of actual record access is called a/an (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. Quadratic Binary search order
b. A Zipf Distribution
c. A Self-organizing list
d. A range query
The correct answer is: A Self-organizing list
Question 20
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
for (i=1; i<=j; i++)
sum++;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n2 )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 21
A tree data structure whose shape obeys the following definition,
o A node contains one or two keys
o Every internal node has either 2 children if it contains 1 key or 3 children if it contains two keys
o All leaves are at the same level in the tree
Is called a/an:
Select one:
a. B*-Tree
b. BST
c. B+-Tree
d. 2-3 tree
The correct answer is: 2-3 tree
Question 22
A collection of one or more trees is called:
Select one:
a. Trees
b. Multiple Spanning Trees
c. a Forest
d. Traversals
The correct answer is: a Forest
Question 23
The most significant difference between the B+-Tree and the BST is that the B+-Tree stores records only at the leaf nodes.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 24
A list is
Select one:
a. An ADT for storing and retrieving data
b. A tree data structure
c. Finite ordered sequence of data items
d. A collection of operations to implement an ADT
The correct answer is: Finite ordered sequence of data items
Question 25
Which of the following is NOT one of the buffer pool heuristics defined in the text : (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. FIFO
b. LIFO
c. LRU
d. LFU
The correct answer is: LIFO
Question 26
Which of the following is not one of the general approaches to search algorithms:
Select one:
a. Buffer cache access methods
b. Sequential and list methods
c. Direct access by key value (hashing)
d. Tree indexing methods
The correct answer is: Buffer cache access methods
Question 27
Which of the following is not a mathematical proof technique?
Select one:
a. Proof by mathematical induction
b. Proof by contradiction
c. Direct proof
d. Proof by consensus
The correct answer is: Proof by consensus
Question 28
A tree whose internal nodes all have exactly K children is called a K-ary tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 29
The freelist …
Select one:
a. Provides access to memory within the operating system that has not yet been allocated
b. Provides access to memory objects which have no Big O ( n ) time.
c. Facilitates and encourages the use of the new operator.
d. Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use.
The correct answer is: Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use.
Question 30
A full binary tree has a restricted shape which starts at the root and fills the tree by levels from left to right.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 31
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i *= 2) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
count++;
}
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here the outer loop is done log n times and the inner loop is done n times, so T(n) = n log n. (Note that the default base for logarithms in Computer Science is 2.)
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 32
A leaf is any node that:
Select one:
a. Has one child
b. Is an internal node with no ancestors
c. Is any node with two empty children
d. Is the ancestor of the root node
The correct answer is: Is any node with two empty children
Question 33
For the following code fragment, select the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Towers of Hanoi
static void solveHanoi(int disks, char fromPole, char toPole, char withPole) {
if (disks >= 1) {
solveHanoi(disks-1, fromPole, withPole, toPole);
moveDisk(fromPole, toPole);
solveHanoi(disks-1, withPole, toPole, fromPole);
}
}
static void moveDisk(char fromPole, char toPole) {
moves++;
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Question 34
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum1 = 0;
for (k=1; k<=n; k*=2 =
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 35
Asymptotic Algorithm Analysis is primarily concerned with:
Select one:
a. The size of the constant in the algorithm running time equation
b. The speed of the computing running the algorithm
c. The speed of the compiler
d. The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
The correct answer is: The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
Question 36
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Ω( n2 )
Choice 2. Ω( log n2 )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. O ( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 37
The benefit of a quicksort is that it provides excellent performance in both the average and worst case:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 38
If A={1, 2, 3, 4} and B={4, 5, 6}, find A∪ B .
Select one:
a. {1,2,3,4,4,5,6}
b. {4}
c. {x | x is all positive integers}
d. {1,2,3,4,5,6}
The correct answer is: {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Question 39
The weighted union rule joins a tree with fewer nodes to a tree with more nodes by making the smaller tree’s root point to the root of the larger tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 40
A compound computed search that combines a binary search to get close to the required record and then uses sequential search to find the item is referred to as a/an:
Select one:
a. Zipf search
b. An Exact match search
c. A Dictionary search
d. bit map vector search
The correct answer is: A Dictionary search
Question 41
The process of storing records in the order that they were added to a file is called:
Select one:
a. Entry-sequenced file
b. Binary Sequenced file
c. LIFO file format
d. Tombstone approach
The correct answer is: Entry-sequenced file
Question 42
Each record of a database normally has a unique identifier called the:
Select one:
a. Secondary Key
b. Primary index
c. Primary key
d. Index key
The correct answer is: Primary key
Question 43
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
A[k] = k;
returnpΩ( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 44
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Recursive Fibonacci generator
static long fibr(int n) {
if ((n == 1) || (n == 2)) return 1; // Base case
return fibr(n-1) + fibr(n-2); // Recursive call
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Selec@82
Question 45
A traversal that visits each node after visiting its children is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder Traversal
b. Postorder Traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Postorder Traversal
Question 46
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 47
A sort algorithm that uses two nested loops with the inner loop moving through the array from bottom to top is called the:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Bubble sort
Question 48
The most time consuming of the following operations on an array based list implementation is:
Select one:
a. Inserting a new element at position n-1 in the list where n is the number of elements in the list.
b. Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
c. Removing an element at position n-1 within the list
d. Removing an element from the tail of the list.
The correct answer is: Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
Question 49
A coding scheme that replaces repeated occurrences of strings with a pointer to the location in the file of the first occurrence of the string is called Ziv-Lempel coding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 50
Internal Fragmentation refers to: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector
b. Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent on the disk drive
c. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
d. None of the options
The correct answer is: Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
Question 51
True/False: There is always one most efficient algorithm to solve a particular problem.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 52
A sorting algorithm that assigns records to bins and then relies on some other sorting technique to sort the records within each bin called:
Select one:
a. Radix Sort
b. Quicksort
c. Hash sort
d. Bucket sort
The correct answer is: Bucket sort
Question 53
In a queue, placing new items in the queue is referred to as a push and taking an item out of the queue is called a pop.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 54
A binary tree traversal that lists every node in the tree exactly once is called:
Select one:
a. a Traversal
b. A visitor design pattern
c. An enumeration
d. Natural ordering sequence
The correct answer is: An enumeration
Question 55
A finite set of one or more nodes such that there is one designated node call the root is a: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Parent root
b. a B+ tree data structure
c. Index
d. Tree
The correct answer is: Tree
Question 56
An important advantage of the sequential tree implementation is that (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. It is an extremely shallow tree
b. The data structure can be transmitted between computers
c. It saves space because no pointers are stored
d. It uses dynamic nodes
The correct answer is: It saves space because no pointers are stored
Question 57
Which of the following items is NOT true for Array-Based Lists (please select the best choice):
Choice 1. Insertion and deletion operations are ( n )
Choice 2. Direct access of an item in the array is ( 1 )
Choice 3. Space used grows dynamically as the array is populated
Choice 4. Array contains wasted space if array positions are not full
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 58
A linear index is an index file organized as a sequence of key/pointer pairs where the keys are in a sorter order.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 59
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Option 1. Ω( n2 )
Option 2. Θ ( n )
Option 3. O( log n )
Option 4. O( 2n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 60
The lower bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 61
A solution is said to be efficient if it:
Select one:
a. Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
b. Executes faster than other solutions
c. Is completed in the fewest number of steps
d. Can be explained in the context of Big-Oh notation
The correct answer is: Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
Question 62
In a stack which option would access the 3rd element from the top of the stack S
Option 1. S.push(-1);
Option 2. S.dequeue(-3);
Option 3. S.pop();
S.pop();
S.pop();
Option 4. S.pop(n-3);
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 63
According to textbook by Shaffer, a heap data structure has two properties which are:
Select one:
a. every node stores a value less than or equal to that of its children and it is a complete binary tree
b. it is a min-heap and is partially ordered
c. it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
d. it is a priority queue and is in Θ( n )
The correct answer is: it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
Question 64
The quicksort is typically slower than the heapsort by a constant factor.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 65
Which of the following is NOT true for Linked Lists structures (please select the best choice):
Choice 1. Insertion and deletion are ( 1 ).
Choice 2. Direct access of an item in the list structure is ( n ).
Choice 3. Space grows with number of elements.
Choice 4. There is no overhead associated with elements in the list structure
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 66
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 67
Secondary storage is characterized by the following:
Select one:
a. It is persistent
b. It is faster than primary storage
c. It is volatile
d. It is more expensive than primary storage
The correct answer is: It is persistent
Question 68
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return Position of largest value in "A“ */
static int largest(int[] A) {
int currlarge = 0; // Position of largest
for (int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
if (A[currlarge] < A[i])
currlarge = i; // Remember pos
return currlarge; // Return largest pos
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 69
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 70
Data is stored within the disk drive on the: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Spindle
b. Platter
c. Cylinder
d. Sector
The correct answer is: Platter
Question 71
A sequential tree can be represented using a bit vector?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 72
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum2 = 0;
for (k=1; k<=n; k*=2)
for (j=1; j<=k; j++)
sum2++;
}
Choice 1. O( 2n )
Choice 2. Θ ( n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 73
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
if (a.length > 0) {
return a[a.length - 1];
} else {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here n = a.length, and T(n) = 1.
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 74
Recursion is when an algorithm uses a series of loop structures to repeat an operation until the answer has been computed.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 75
The process of associating a key with the location of a corresponding data record is called folding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 76
An ADT is:
Select one:
a. A type together with a collection of operations to manipulate the type
b. An implementation of a flyweight design pattern
c. The realization of a data type as a software component
d. An implementation in java of a class for a data type
The correct answer is: The realization of a data type as a software component
Question 77
Enqueue and Dequeue are notations associated with which data structur =Answer is: Queue
Question 78
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum1 = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
sum1++;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n2 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( log n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 79
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an algorithm?
Select one:
a. It must be correct
b. It must be composed of concrete steps
c. It can have no ambiguity
d. It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
The correct answer is: It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
Question 80
Setting the dirty bit causes what action to be performed on a block: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. It is deleted because it is no longer consistent
b. It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
c. Refreshes the data by re-reading the block
d. It cleans the cache by flushing all data from the cache
The correct answer is: It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
Question 81
A traversal that visits the left subtree, then the node, and then the right subtree is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder Traversal
b. Postorder Traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Inorder Traversal
Question 82
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return The position of an element in sorted array A with value k. If k is not in A,return A.length. */
static int binary(int[] A, int k) {
int l = -1; // Set l and r
int r = A.length; // beyond array bounds
while (l+1 != r) { // Stop when l, r meet
int i = (l+r)/2; // Check middle
if (k < A[i]) r = i; // In left half
if (k == A[i]) return i; // Found it
if (k > A[i]) l = i; // In right half
}
return A.length; // Search value not in A
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. O( log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 83
In linked lists there are no NULL links in:
Select one:
a. Single linked list
b. Linear doubly linked list
c. Circular linked list
d. None of these
The correct answer is: Circular linked list
Question 84
The process of determining if two objects are in the same set and then merging those sets is called:
Select one:
a. a Union Operation
b. Union / Find
c. a Weighted Union
a. It identifies the maxkey value
b. It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
c. It defines the sequence for merging in the sort
d. It indicates the index of the current record being compared
The correct answer is: It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
Question 86
When big-Oh and coincide, we indicate this by using (select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
A traversal of a general tree that traverses the roots subtrees from left to right, then visits the root is called a preorder traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 88
Which of the following is NOT one of the design patterns outlined in our text.
Select one:
a. Flyweight
b. Visitor
c. Composite
d. Synergy
The correct answer is: Synergy
Question 89
Push and Pop are notations associated with which data structure:
Select one:
a. Queue
b. Stack
c. List
d. Array
The correct answer is: Stack
Question 90
True/False: The stack data structure is implemented as a LIFO structure (last in first out)
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 91
An algorithm that breaks a file to be sorted in smaller files called runs which are sorted and eventually put back together resulting in a sorted file is called:
Select one:
a. Quicksort algorithm
b. Replacement sort algorithm
c. An indexed key sort algorithm
d. Mergesort algorithm
The correct answer is: Mergesort algorithm
Question 92
The process of storing blocks of data in main memory after reading from disk is referred to as:
Select one:
a. Buffering
b. Hashing
c. Pooling
d. Indexing
The correct answer is: Buffering
Question 93
For the following code fragment, select option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
//
// Search in array a for smallest element starting at i to n-1
//
minIndex = findSmallestElement(a, i, n-1)
a[i] = a[minIndex];
}
findSmallestElement( int a[], int i, int n ) {
int largest = a[i];
while(i<n) {
if(a[i] >a[largest])
largest = i;
i++;
}
return(largest);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
index-of-smallest element in a[i..j] takes j-i+1 operations
• n + (n-1) + (n-2) + (n-3) + ... + 3 + 2 + 1
• this is n2
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 94
The depth of node H in the following tree is:
Select one:
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 1
The correct answer is: 3
Question 95
The implementation of a data type as a data structure is the physical form of an ADT.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 96
A method that is designed to create extremely shallow trees is called:
Select one:
a. Dynamic node implementation
b. Union/Find
c. The list of children method
d. Path compression
The correct answer is: Path compression
Question 97
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 98
According to the properties of logarithms, log(nm) =
Note: Due to issues with HTML formatting, an exponent is represented by preceding it with the ^ symbol. As such x^2 is equivalent to x2.
Select one:
a. log n – log m
b. n log n
c. log n + log m
d. log(n^m)
The correct answer is: log n + log m
Question 99
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
A[k] = k;
return A[k];
}
Choice 1. O ( n2 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Ω( n2 )
Choice 4. Θ ( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 100
The full binary tree theorem states “the number of leaves in an empty full binary tree is one more than the number of internal nodes”
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 101
A significant benefit to using an index to hold and sort keys to a file is:
Select one:
a. Smaller keys require less I/O
b. The entire sort can always be completed in memory
c. The head of the disk drive does not need to move
d. There is no seek time added to the latency of I/O operations
The correct answer is: Smaller keys require less I/O
Question 102
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum2 = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
for (j=1; j<=i; j++)
sum2++;
}
}
Choice 1. Ω ( 1 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n2 )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 103
The best asymptotic analysis for the selection sort is represented by (select the best option):
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 104
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int key) {
int left = 0;
int right = a.length-1;
while (left <= right) {
int mid = left + (right-left)/2;
if (key < a[mid]) right = mid-1;
else if (key > a[mid]) left = mid+1;
else return mid;
}
//not found
return -1;
}
Option 1. Ω( 1 ), O( log n )
Option 2. Ω( n ), O( 2n )
Option 3. Θ( n log n )
Option 4. Θ( log n )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 105
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Ω( n2 )
Choice 2. Θ ( n2 )
Choice 3. O( log n )
Choice 4. O( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 106
Inserting or removing an item at position n-1 within a linked list has the same cost in terms ( n ) time as the same operation in an array based implementation of a list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
A solution is said to be efficient if it:
Select one:
a. Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
b. Executes faster than other solutions
c. Is completed in the fewest number of steps
d. Can be explained in the context of Big-Oh notation
The correct answer is: Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
Question 2
An ADT is:
Select one:
a. A type together with a collection of operations to manipulate the type
b. An implementation of a flyweight design pattern
c. The realization of a data type as a software component
d. An implementation in java of a class for a data type
The correct answer is: The realization of a data type as a software component
Question 3
The implementation of a data type as a data structure is the physical form of an ADT.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 4
Which of the following is NOT one of the design patterns outlined in our text.
Select one:
a. Flyweight
b. Visitor
c. Composite
d. Synergy
The correct answer is: Synergy
Question 5
If A={1, 2, 3, 4} and B={4, 5, 6}, find A∪ B .
Select one:
a. {1,2,3,4,4,5,6}
b. {4}
c. {x | x is all positive integers}
d. {1,2,3,4,5,6}
The correct answer is: {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Question 6
According to the properties of logarithms, log(nm) =
Note: Due to issues with HTML formatting, an exponent is represented by preceding it with the ^ symbol. As such x^2 is equivalent to x2.
Select one:
a. log n – log m
b. n log n
c. log n + log m
d. log(n^m)
The correct answer is: log n + log m
Question 7
Recursion is when an algorithm uses a series of loop structures to repeat an operation until the answer has been computed.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 8
Which of the following is not a mathematical proof technique?
Select one:
a. Proof by mathematical induction
b. Proof by contradiction
c. Direct proof
d. Proof by consensus
The correct answer is: Proof by consensus
Question 9
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an algorithm?
Select one:
a. It must be correct
b. It must be composed of concrete steps
c. It can have no ambiguity
d. It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
The correct answer is: It must be composed of an infinite number of steps
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by:
Select one:
a. Big Oh (O)
b. Big Omega (Ω)
c. Big Theta (Θ)
d. Exponential growth
The correct answer is: Big Oh (O)
Question 2
Asymptotic Algorithm Analysis is primarily concerned with:
Select one:
a. The size of the constant in the algorithm running time equation
b. The speed of the computing running the algorithm
c. The speed of the compiler
d. The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
The correct answer is: The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
Question 3
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 4
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 5
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i *= 2) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
count++;
}
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4 =!PT(n) = n log n. (Note that the default base for logarithms in Computer Science is 2.)
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 6
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
if (a.length > 0) {
return a[a.length - 1];
} else {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here n = a.length, and T(n) = 1.
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 7
For the following code fragment, select the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Towers of Hanoi
static void solveHanoi(int disks, char fromPole, char toPole, char withPole) {
if (disks >= 1) {
solveHanoi(disks-1, fromPole, withPole, toPole);
moveDisk(fromPole, toPole);
solveHanoi(disks-1, withPole, toPole, fromPole);
}
}
static void moveDisk(char fromPole, char toPole) {
moves++;
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Question 8
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int key) {
int left = 0;
int right = a.length-1;
while (left <= right) {
int mid = left + (right-left)/2;
if (key < a[mid]) right = mid-1;
else if (key > a[mid]) left = mid+1;
else return mid;
}
//not found
return -1;
}
Option 1. Ω( 1 ), O( log n )
Option 2. Ω( n ), O( 2n )
Option 3. Θ( n log n )
Option 4. Θ( log n )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 9
For the following code fragment, select option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
//
// Search in array a for smallest element starting at i to n-1
//
minIndex = findSmallestElement(a, i, n-1)
a[i] = a[minIndex];
}
findSmallestElement( int a[], int i, int n ) {
int largest = a[i];
while(i<n) {
if(a[i] >a[largest])
largest = i;
i++;
}
return(largest);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
index-of-smallest element in a[i..j] takes j-i+1 operations
• n + (n-1) + (n-2) + (n-3) + ... + 3 + 2 + 1
• this is n2
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 10
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:1; // Base case
return fibr(n-1) + fibr(n-2); // Recursive call
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Top of Form
A list is
Select one:
a. An ADT for storing and retrieving data
b. A tree data structure
c. Finite ordered sequence of data items
d. A collection of operations to implement an ADT
The correct answer is: Finite ordered sequence of data items
Question 2
A list is said to be empty when all of its elements have a zero (0) value
Select one:
True
False
The corr@8sed list implementation is:
Select one:
a. Inserting a new element at position n-1 in the list where n is the number of elements in the list.
b. Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
c. Removing an element at position n-1 within the list
d. Removing an element from the tail of the list.
The correct answer is: Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
Question 4
A linked list implementation relies upon static memory allocation where static refers to the requirement to pre-allocate all of the memory that will be used for the list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 5
A linked list creates order through the use of pointers that link one element to another.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 6
Inserting or removing an item at position n-1 within a linked list has the same cost in terms ( n ) time as the same operation in an array based implementation of a list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 7
The freelist …
Select one:
a. Provides access to memory within the operating system that has not yet been allocated
b. Provides access to memory objects which have no Big O ( n ) time.
c. Facilitates and encourages the use of the new operator.
d. Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use.
The correct answer is: Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use.
Question 8
In a queue, placing new items in the queue is referred to as a push and taking an item out of the queue is called a pop.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 9
In linked lists there are no NULL links in:
Select one:
a. Single linked list
b. Linear doubly linked list
c. Circular linked list
d. None of these
The correct answer is: Circular linked list
Question 10
In a stack which option would access the 3rd element from the top of the stack S
Option 1. S.push(-1);
Option 2. S.dequeue(-3);
Option 3. S.pop();
S.pop();
S.pop();
Option 4. S.pop(n-3);
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 3
Bottom of Form
A leaf is any node that:
Select one:
a. Has one child
b. Is an internal node with no ancestors
c. Is any node with two empty children
d. Is the ancestor of the root node
The correct answer is: Is any node with two empty children
Question 2
The full binary tree theorem states “the number of leaves in an empty full binary tree is one more than the number of internal nodes”
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 3
The process for visiting all of the nodes of a binary tree in some order is called a traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 4
A full binary tree has a restricted shape which starts at the root and fills the tree by levels from left to right.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 5
A binary tree traversal that lists every node in the tree exactly once is called:
Select one:
a. a Traversal
b. A visitor design pattern
c. An enumeration
d. Natural ordering sequence
The correct answer is: An enumeration
Question 6
A preorder traversal visits every node starting at the leaf nodes and working up the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 7
Correctly identify the following heap structure by selecting the best answer:
Select one:
a. partially ordered heap
b. max-heap structure
c. priority heap
d. min-heap structure
The correct answer is: max-heap structure
Question 8
Select the answer that best defines Huffman Coding:
Select one:
a. A set of coding rules that is typically used for compression
b. A fixed length coding scheme for character representation
c. A tree structure that trades off space and time requirements to provide a more efficient priority queue
d. An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
The correct answer is: An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
Question 9
The depth of node H in the following tree is:
Select one:
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 1
The correct answer is: 3
Question 10
According to textbook by Shaffer, a heap data structure has two properties which are:
Select one:
a. every node stores a value less than or equal to that of its children and it is a complete binary tree
b. it is a min-heap and is partially ordered
c. it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
d. it is a priority queue and is in Θ( n )
The correct answer is: it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
Top of Form
A finite set of one or more nodes such that there is one designated node call the root is a: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Parent root
b. a B+ tree data structure
c. Index
d. Tree
The correct answer is: Tree
Question 2
A collection of one or more trees is called:
Select one:
a. Trees
b. Multiple Spanning Trees
c. a Forest
d. Traversals
The correct answer is: a Forest
Question 3
The process of determining if two objects are in the same set and then merging those sets is called:
Select one:
a. a Union Operation
b. Union / Find
c. a Weighted Union
d. a Merge Operation
The correct answer is: Union / Find
Question 4
A traversal of a general tree that traverses the roots subtrees from left to right, then visits the root is called a preorder traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 5
A method that is designed to create extremely shallow trees is called:
Select one:
a. Dynamic node implementation
b. Union/Find
c. The list of children method
d. Path compression
The correct answer is: Path compression
Question 6
A tree whose internal nodes all have exactly K children is called a K-ary tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 7
An important advantage of the sequential tree implementation is that (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. It is an extremely shallow tree
b. The data structure can be transmitted between computers
c. It saves space because no pointers are stored
d. It uses dynamic nodes
The correct answer is: It saves space because no pointers are stored
Question 8
A sequential tree can be represented using a bit vector?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 9
The list of children approach uses both pointers and an array structure to represent the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 10
The weighted union rule joins a tree with fewer nodes to a tree with more nodes by making the smaller tree’s root point to the root of the larger tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
The best asymptotic analysis for the selection sort is represented by (select the best option):
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 2
A sort algorithm that uses two nested loops with the inner loop moving through the array from bottom to top is called the:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Bubble sort
Question 3
A sort that features a limit of n-1 of record swaps is called:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Selection sort
Question 4
An exchange sort is one where: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Records in an unsorted list are moved to a sorted list
b. Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
c. An inversion is executed
d. The sorting algorithm is said to be stable
The correct answer is: Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
Question 5
A sort where the list is divided into halves, the halves sorted and these two halves are merged is called:
Select one:
a. Mergesort
b. Binary sort
c. Quicksort
d. Heapsort
The correct answer is: Mergesort
Question 6
The benefit of a quicksort is that it provides excellent performance in both the average and worst case:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 7
What is the role of the pivot in a quicksort algorithm?
Select one:
a. It identifies the maxkey value
b. It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
c. It defines the sequence for merging in the sort
d. It indicates the index of the current record being compared
The correct answer is: It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
Question 8
A sorting algorithm that assigns records to bins and then relies on some other sorting technique to sort the records within each bin called:
Select one:
a. Radix Sort
b. Quicksort
c. Hash sort
d. Bucket sort
The correct answer is: Bucket sort
Question 9
The processing time or cost of a sort is defined by the number of comparisons and exchanges that must be made during processing. What is the average cost of the heapsort?:
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 10
The quicksort is typically slower than the heapsort by a constant factor.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Bottom of Form
Setting the dirty bit causes what action to be performed on a block: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. It is deleted because it is no longer consistent
b. It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
c. Refreshes the data by re-reading the block
d. It cleans the cache by flushing all data from the cache
=each of the following is NOT one of the buffer pool heuristics defined in the text : (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. FIFO
b. LIFO
c. LRU
d. LFU
The correct answer is: LIFO
Question 3
A technique that allows a programmer to use more main memory than exists in the computer is called: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Buffer cache
b. Random access memory
c. Secondary storage
d. Virtual memory
The correct answer is: Virtual memory
Question 4
Internal Fragmentation refers to: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector
b. Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent on the disk drive
c. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
d. None of the options
The correct answer is: Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
Question 5
Data is stored within the disk drive on the: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Spindle
b. Platter
c. Cylinder
d. Sector
The correct answer is: Platter
Question 6
The process of storing blocks of data in main memory after reading from disk is referred to as:
Select one:
a. Buffering
b. Hashing
c. Pooling
d. Indexing
The correct answer is: Buffering
Question 7
A characteristic of RAM (random access memory) is that it is persistent and is not lost when the power to a computer is turned off.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 8
Secondary storage is characterized by the following:
Select one:
a. It is persistent
b. It is faster than primary storage
c. It is volatile
d. It is more expensive than primary storage
The correct answer is: It is persistent
Question 9
An algorithm that breaks a file to be sorted in smaller files called runs which are sorted and eventually put back together resulting in a sorted file is called:
Select one:
a. Quicksort algorithm
b. Replacement sort algorithm
c. An indexed key sort algorithm
d. Mergesort algorithm
The correct answer is: Mergesort algorithm
Question 10
A significant benefit to using an index to hold and sort keys to a file is:
Select one:
a. Smaller keys require less I/O
b. The entire sort can always be completed in memory
c. The head of the disk drive does not need to move
d. There is no seek time added to the latency of I/O operations
The correct answer is: Smaller keys require less I/O
Top of Form
Which of the following is not one of the general approaches to search algorithms:
Select one:
a. Buffer cache accespct indexing methods
The correct answer is: Buffer cache access methods
Question 2
A list that organizes the order of records within the list based upon patterns of actual record access is called a/an (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. Quadratic Binary search order
b. A Zipf Distribution
c. A Self-organizing list
d. A range query
The correct answer is: A Self-organizing list
Question 3
A compound computed search that combines a binary search to get close to the required record and then uses sequential search to find the item is referred to as a/an:
Select one:
a. Zipf search
b. An Exact match search
c. A Dictionary search
d. bit map vector search
The correct answer is: A Dictionary search<@8ion in the file of the first occurrence of the string is called Ziv-Lempel coding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 5
The process of storing records in the order that they were added to a file is called:
Select one:
a. Entry-sequenced file
b. Binary Sequenced file
c. LIFO file format
d. Tombstone approach
The correct answer is: Entry-sequenced file
Question 6
The process of associating a key with the location of a corresponding data record is called folding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 7
Each record of a database normally has a unique identifier called the:
Select one:
a. Secondary Key
b. Primary index
c. Primary key
d. Index key
The correct answer is: Primary key
Question 8
A linear index is an index file organized as a sequence of key/pointer pairs where the keys are in a sorter order.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 9
A tree data structure whose shape obeys the following definition,
o A node contains one or two keys
o Every internal node has either 2 children if it contains 1 key or 3 children if it contains two keys
o All leaves are at the same level in the tree
Is called a/an:
Select one:
a. B*-Tree
b. BST
c. B+-Tree
d. 2-3 tree
The correct answer is: 2-3 tree
Question 10
The most significant difference between the B+-Tree and the BST is that the B+-Tree stores records only at the leaf nodes.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Bottom of Form
A traversal that visits the left subtree, then the node, and then the right subtree is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder Traversal
b. Postorder Traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Inorder Traversal
Question 2
Each record of a database normally has a unique identifier called the:
Select one:
a. Secondary Key
b. Primary index
c. Primary key
d. Index key
The correct answer is: Primary key
Question 3
An ADT is:
Select one:
a. A type together with a collection of operations to manipulate the type
b. An implementation of a flyweight design pattern
c. The realization of a data type as a software component
d. An implementation in java of a class for a data type
The correct answer is: The realization of a data type as a software component
Question 4
A linked list creates order through the use of pointers that link one element to another.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 5
The most significant difference between the B+-Tree and the BST is that the B+-Tree stores records only at the leaf nodes.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 6
A sequential tree can be represented using a bit vector?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 7
In linked lists there are no NULL links in:
Select one:
a. Single linked list
b. Linear doubly linked list
c. Circular linked list
d. None of these
The correct answer is: Circular linked list
Question 8
Recursion is when an algorithm uses a series of loop structures to repeat an operation until the answer has been computed.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 9
A linked list implementation relies upon static memory allocation where static refers to the requirement to pre-allocate all of the memory that will be used for the list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 10
The process of storing records in the order that they were added to a file is called:
Select one:
a. Entry-sequenced file
b. Binary Sequenced file
c. LIFO file format
d. Tombstone approach
The correct answer is: Entry-sequenced file
Question 11
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
A[k] = k;
return A[k];
}
Choice 1. O ( n2 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Ω( n2 )
Choice 4. Θ ( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 12
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 13
Inserting or removing an item at position n-1 within a linked list has the same cost in terms ( n ) time as the same operation in an array based implementation of a list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 14
Which of the following is NOT one of the buffer pool heuristics defined in the text : (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. FIFO
b. LIFO
c. LRU
d. LFU
The correct answer is: LIFO
Question 15
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i *= 2) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
count++;
}
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here the outer loop is done log n times and the inner loop is done n times, so T(n) = n log n. (Note that the default base for logarithms in Computer Science is 2.)
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 16
The full binary tree theorem states “the number of leaves in an empty full binary tree is one more than the number of internal nodes”
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 17
The processing time or cost of a sort is defined by the number of comparisons and exchanges that must be made during processing. What is the average cost of the heapsort?:
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 18
When big-Oh and coincide, we indicate this by using (select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 19
A list is said to be empty when all of its elements have a zero (0) value
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 20
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 21
A traversal of a general tree that traverses the roots subtrees from left to right, then visits the root is called a preorder traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 22
Enqueue and Dequeue are notations associated with which data structure:
Select one:
a. Queue
b. Stack
c. List
d. Array
The correct answer is: Queue
Question 23
A significant benefit to using an index to hold and sort keys to a file is:
Select one:
a. Smaller keys require less I/O
b. The entire sort can always be completed in memory
c. The head of the disk drive does not need to move
d. There is no seek time added to the latency of I/O operations
The correct answer is: Smaller keys require less I/O
Question 24
A tree whose internal nodes all have exactly K children is called a K-ary tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 25
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an algorithm?
Select one:
a. It must be correct
b. It must be composed of concrete steps
c. It can have no ambiguity
d. It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
The correct answer is: It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
Question 26
For the following code fragment, select the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Towers of Hanoi
static void solveHanoi(int disks, char fromPole, char toPole, char withPole) {
if (disks >= 1) {
solveHanoi(disks-1, fromPole, withPole, toPole);
moveDisk(fromPole, toPole);
solveHanoi(disks-1, withPole, toPole, fromPole);
}
}
static void moveDisk(char fromPole, char toPole) {
moves++;
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Question 27
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Option 1. Ω( n2 )
Option 2. Θ ( n )
Option 3. O( log n )
Option 4. O( 2n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 28
True/False: There is always one most efficient algorithm to solve a particular problem.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 29
A technique that allows a programmer to use more main memory than exists in the computer is called: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Buffer cache
b. Random access memory
c. Secondary storage
d. Virtual memory
The correct answer is: Virtual memory
Question 30
A sort that features a limit of n-1 of record swaps is called:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Selection sort
Question 31
A traversal that visits each node before visiting its children is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder traversal
b. Postorder traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Preorder traversal
Question 32
A list tha =!P�U =an (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. Quadratic Binary search order
b. A Zipf Distribution
c. A Self-organizing list
d. A range query
The correct answer is: A Self-organizing list
Question 33
True/False: The stack data structure is implemented as a LIFO structure (last in first out)
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 34
The process of determining if two objects are in the same set and then merging those sets is called:
Select one:
a. a Union Operation
b. Union / Find
c. a Weighted Union
d. a Merge Operation
The correct answer is: Union / Find
Question 35
A sort algorithm that uses two nested loops with the inner loop moving through the array from bottom to top is called the:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Bubble sort
Question 36
Which of the following is NOT one of the design patterns outlined in our text.
Select one:
a. Flyweight
b. Visitor
c. Composite
d. Synergy
The correct answer is: Synergy
Question 37
Push and Pop are notations associated with which data structure:
Select one:
a. Queue
b. Stack
c. List
d. Array
The correct answer is: Stack
Question 38
The process of associating a key with the location of a corresponding data record is called folding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 39
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Recursive Fibonacci generator
static long fibr(int n) {
if ((n == 1) || (n == 2)) return 1; // Base case
return fibr(n-1) + fibr(n-2); // Recursive call
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Question 40
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
A[k] = k;
return A[k];
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n log n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. O( n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 41
Which of the following is not one of the general approaches to search algorithms:
Select one:
a. Buffer cache access methods
b. Sequential and list methods
c. Direct access by key value (hashing)
d. Tree indexing methods
ins a tree with fewer nodes to a tree with more nodes by making the smaller tree’s root point to the root of the larger tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 43
The list of children approach uses both pointers and an array structure to represent the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 44
The depth of node H in the following tree is:
Select one:
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 1
The correct answer is: 3
Question 45
Data is stored within the disk drive on the: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Spindle
b. Platter
c. Cylinder
d. Sector
The correct answer is: Platter
Question 46
The most time consuming @8at position n-1 in the list where n is the number of elements in the list.
b. Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
c. Removing an element at position n-1 within the list
d. Removing an element from the tail of the list.
The correct answer is: Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
Question 47
If A={1, 2, 3, 4} and B={4, 5, 6}, find A∪ B .
Select one:
a. {1,2,3,4,4,5,6}
b. {4}
c. {x | x is all positive integers}
d. {1,2,3,4,5,6}
The correct answer is: {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Question 48
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return Position of largest value in "A“ */
static int largest(int[] A) {
int currlarge = 0; // Position of largest
for (int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
if (A[currlarge] < A[i])
currlarge = i; // Remember pos
return currlarge; // Return largest pos
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 49
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum1 = 0;
for (k=1; k<=n; k*=2)
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
sum1++;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 50
The implementation of a data type as a data structure is the physical form of an ADT.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 51
An exchange sort is one where: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Records in an unsorted list are moved to a sorted list
b. Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
c. An inversion is executed
d. The sorting algorithm is said to be stable
The correct answer is: Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
Question 52
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
for (i=1; i<=j; i++)
sum++;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n2 )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 53
An important advantage of the sequential tree implementation is that (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. It is an extremely shallow tree
b. The data structure can be transmitted between computers
c. It saves space because no pointers are stored
d. It uses dynamic nodes
The correct answer is: It saves space because no pointers are stored
Question 54
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum1 = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
sum1++;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n2 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( log n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 55
A sort where the list is divided into halves, the halves sorted and these two halves are merged is called:
Select one:
a. Mergesort
b. Binary sort
c. Quicksort
d. Heapsort
The correct answer is: Mergesort
Question 56
A traversal that visits each node after visiting its children is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder Traversal
b. Postorder Traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Postorder Traversal
Question 57
The process for visiting all of the nodes of a binary tree in some order is called a traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 58
A collection of one or more trees is called:
Select one:
a. Trees
b. Multiple Spanning Trees
c. a Forest
d. Traversals
The correct answer is: a Forest
Question 59
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 60
Which of the following is not a mathematical proof technique?
Select one:
a. Proof by mathematical induction
b. Proof by contradiction
c. Direct proof
d. Proof by consensus
The correct answer is: Proof by consensus
Question 61
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int key) {
int left = 0;
int right = a.length-1;
while (left <= right) {
int mid = left + (right-left)/2;
if (key < a[mid]) right = mid-1;
else if (key > a[mid]) left = mid+1;
else return mid;
}
//not found
return -1;
}
Option 1. Ω( 1 ), O( log n )
Option 2. Ω( n ), O( 2n )
Option 3. Θ( n log n )
Option 4. Θ( log n )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 62
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Ω( n2 )
Choice 2. Ω( log n2 )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. O ( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 63
Which of the following is NOT true for Linked Lists structures (please select the best choice):
Choice 1. Insertion and deletion are ( 1 ).
Choice 2. Direct access of an item in the list structure is ( n ).
Choice 3. Space grows with number of elements.
Choice 4. There is no overhead associated with elements in the list structure
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 64
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum2 = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
for (j=1; j<=i; j++)
sum2++;
}
}
Choice 1. Ω ( 1 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n2 )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 65
Which of the following items is NOT true for Array-Based Lists (please select the best choice):
Choice 1. Insertion and deletion operations are ( n )
Choice 2. Direct access of an item in the array is ( 1 )
Choice 3. Space used grows dynamically as the array is populated
Choice 4. Array contains wasted space if array positions are not full
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 66
A method that is designed to create extremely shallow trees is called:
Select one:
a. Dynamic node implementation
b. Union/Find
c. The list of children method
d. Path compression
The correct answer is: Path compression
Question 67
The process of storing blocks of data in main memory after reading from disk is referred to as:
Select one:
a. Buffering
b. Hashing
c. Pooling
d. Indexing
The correct answer is: Buffering
Question 68
A solution is said to be efficient if it:
Select one:
a. Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
b. Executes faster than other solutions
c. Is completed in the fewest number of steps
d. Can be explained in the context of Big-Oh notation
The correct answer is: Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
Question 69
A sorting algorithm that assigns records to bins and then relies on some other sorting technique to sort the records within each bin called:
Select one:
a. Radix Sort
b. Quicksort
c. Hash sort
d. Bucket sort
The correct answer is: Bucket sort
Question 70
In a stack which option would access the 3rd element from the top of the stack S
Option 1. S.push(-1);
Option 2. S.dequeue(-3);
Option 3. S.pop();
S.pop();
S.pop();
Option 4. S.pop(n-3);
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 71
A leaf is any node that:
Select one:
a. Has one child
b. Is an internal node with no ancestors
c. Is any node with two empty children
d. Is the ancestor of the root node
The correct answer is: Is any node with two empty children
Question 72
According to textbook by Shaffer, a heap data structure has two properties which are:
Select one:
a. every node stores a value less than or equal to that of its children and it is a complete binary tree
b. it is a min-heap and is partially ordered
c. it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
d. it is a priority queue and is in Θ( n )
The correct answer is: it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
Question 73
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by:
Select one:
a. Big Oh (O)
b. Big Omega (Ω)
c. Big Theta (Θ)
d. Exponential growth
The correct answer is: Big Oh (O)
Question 74
The lower bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 75
The benefit of a quicks = True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 76
The best asymptotic analysis for the selection sort is represented by (select the best option):
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 77
A finite set of one or more nodes such that there is one designated node call the root is a: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Parent root
b. a B+ tree data structure
c. Index
d. Tree
The correct answer is: Tree
Question 78
True/False: The queue data structure is implemented as FIFO structure (first in first out)
:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 79
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum2 = 0;
for (k=1; k<=n; k*=2)
for (j=1; j<=k; j++)
sum2++;
}
Choice 1. O( 2n )
Choice 2. Θ ( n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 80
A coding scheme that replaces repeated occurrences of strings with a pointer to the location in the file of the first occurrence of the string is called Ziv-Lempel coding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 81
In a queue, placing new items in the queue is referred to as a push and taking an item out of the queue is called a pop.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 82
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
if (a.length > 0) {
return a[a.length - 1];
} else {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here n = a.length, and T(n) = 1.
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 83
Setting the dirty bit causes what action to be performed on a block: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. It is deleted because it is no longer consistent
b. It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
c. Refreshes the data by re-reading the block
d. It cleans the cache by flushing all data from the cache
The correct answer is: It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
Question 84
Asymptotic Algorithm Analysis is primarily concerned with:p of the computing running the algorithm
c. The speed of the compiler
d. The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
The correct answer is: The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
Question 85
Correctly identify the following heap structure by selecting the best answer:
Select one:
a. partially ordered heap
b. max-heap structure
c. priority heap
d. min-heap structure
The correct answer is: max-heap structure
Question 86
For the following code fragment, select option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
//
// Search in array a for smallest element starting at i to n-1
//
minIndex = findSmallestElement(a, i, n-1)
a[i] = a[minIndex];
}
findSmallestElement( int a[], int i, int n ) {
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
index-of-smallest element in a[i..j] takes j-i+1 operations
• n + (n-1) + (n-2) + (n-3) + ... + 3 + 2 + 1
• this is n2
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 87
An algorithm that breaks a file to be sorted in smaller files called runs which are sorted and eventually put back together resulting in a sorted file is called:
Select one:
a. Quicksort algorithm
b. Replacement sort algorithm
c. An indexed key sort algorithm
d. Mergesort algorithm
The correct answer is: Mergesort algorithm
Question 88
A list is
Select one:
a. An ADT for storing and retrieving data
b. A tree data structure
c. Finite ordered sequence of data items
d. A collection of operations to implement an ADT
The correct answer is: Finite ordered sequence of data items
Question 89
Select the answer that best defines Huffman Coding:
Select one:
a. A set of coding rules that is typically used for compression
b. A fixed length coding scheme for character representation
c. A tree structure that trades off space and time requirements to provide a more efficient priority queue
d. An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
The correct answer is: An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
Question 90
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 91
The quicksort is typically slower than the heapsort by a constant factor.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 92
Secondary storage is characterized by the following:
Select one:
a. It is persistent
b. It is faster than primary storage
c. It is volatile
d. It is more expensive than primary storage
The correct answer is: It is persistent
Question 93
A compound computed search that combines a binary search to get close to the required record and then uses sequential search to find the item is referred to as a/an:
Select one:
a. Zipf search
b. An Exact match search
c. A Dictionary search
d. bit map vector search
The correct answer is: A Dictionary search
Question 94
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Ω( n2 )
Choice 2. Θ ( n2 )
Choice 3. O( log n )
Choice 4. O( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 95
According to the properties of logarithms, log(nm) =
Note: Due to issues with HTML formatting, an exponent is represented by preceding it with the ^ symbol. As such x^2 is equivalent to x2.
Select one:
a. log n – log m
b. n log n
c. log n + log m
d. log(n^m)
The correct answer is: log n + log m
Question 96
A characteristic of RAM (random access memory) is that it is persistent and is not lost when the power to a computer is turned off.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 97
A full binary tree has a restricted shape which starts at the root and fills the tree by levels from left to right.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 98
What is the role of the pivot in a quicksort algorithm?
Select one:
a. It identifies the maxkey value
b. It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
c. It defines the sequence for merging in the sort
d. It indicates the index of the current record being compared
The correct answer is: It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
Question 99
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return The position of an element in sorted array A with value k. If k is not in A,return A.length. */
static int binary(int[] A, int k) {
int l = -1; // Set l and r
int r = A.length; // beyond array bounds
while (l+1 != r) { // Stop when l, r meet
int i = (l+r)/2; // Check middle
if (k < A[i]) r = i; // In left half
if (k == A[i]) return i; // Found it
if (k > A[i]) l = i; // In right half
}
return A.length; // Search value not in A
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. O( log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 100
A linear index is an index file organized as a sequence of key/pointer pairs where the keys are in a sorter order.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 101
The freelist …
Select one:
a. Provides access to memory within the operating system that has not yet been allocated
b. Provides access to memory objects which have no Big O ( n ) time.
c. Facilitates and encourages the use of the new operator.
d. Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use.
The correct answer is: Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use.
Question 102
A tree data structure whose shape obeys the following definition,
o A node contains one or two keys
o Every internal node has either 2 children if it contains 1 key or 3 children if it contains two keys
o All leaves are at the same level in the tree
Is called a/an:
Select one:
a. B*-Tree
b. BST
c. B+-Tree
d. 2-3 tree
The correct answer is: 2-3 tree
Question 103
A preorder traversal visits every node starting at the leaf nodes and working up the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 104
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
public E getValue ( ) {
assert (curr >= 0) && (curr < listSize) :
"No current element";
return listArray[curr];
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. O( 1 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 105
Internal Fragmentation refers to: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector
b. Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent on the disk drive
c. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
d. None of the options
The correct answer is: Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
Question 106
A binary tree traversal that lists every node in the tree exactly once is called:
Select one:
a. a Traversal
b. A visitor design pattern
c. An enumeration
d. Natural ordering sequence
The correct answer is: An enumeration
The process of associating a key with the location of a corresponding data record is called folding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 2
A characteristic of RAM (random access memory) is that it is persistent and is not lost when the power to a computer is turned off.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 3
An algorithm that breaks a file to be sorted in smaller files called runs which are sorted and eventually put back together resulting in a sorted file is called:
Select one:
a. Quicksort algorithm
b. Replacement sort algorithm
c. An indexed key sort algorithm
d. Mergesort algorithm
The correct answer is: Mergesort algorithm
Question 4
The weighted union rule joins a tree with fewer nodes to a tree with more nodes by making the smaller tree’s root point to the root of the larger tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 5
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i *= 2) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
count++;
}
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here the outer loop is done log n times and the inner loop is done n times, so T(n) = n log n. (Note that the default base for logarithms in Computer Science is 2.)
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 6
The best asymptotic analysis for the selection sort is represented by (select the best option):
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 7
A leaf is any node that:
Select one:
a. Has one child
b. Is an internal node with no ancestors
c. Is any node with two empty children
d. Is the ancestor of the root node
The correct answer is: Is any node with two empty children
Question 8
A preorder traversal visits every node starting at the leaf nodes and working up the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 9
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return Position of largest value in "A“ */
static int largest(int[] A) {
int currlarge = 0; // Position of largest
for (int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
if (A[currlarge] < A[i])
currlarge = i; // Remember pos
return currlarge; // Return largest pos
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
S =Pt answer is: Choice 1
Question 10
A technique that allows a programmer to use more main memory than exists in the computer is called: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Buffer cache
b. Random access memory
c. Secondary storage
d. Virtual memory
The correct answer is: Virtual memory
Question 11
A method that is designed to create extremely shallow trees is called:
Select one:
a. Dynamic node implementation
b. Union/Find
c. The list of children method
d. Path compression
The correct answer is: Path compression
Question 12
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
for (i=1; i<=j; i++)
sum++;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n2 )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 13
Asymptotic Algorithm Analysis is primarily concerned with:
Select one:
a. The size of the constant in the algorithm running time equation
b. The speed of the computing running the algorithm
c. The speed of the compiler
d. The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
The correct answer is: The growth rate demonstrated in the algorithm running time equation
Question 14
According to the properties of logarithms, log(nm) =
Note: Due to issues with HTML formatting, an exponent is represented by preceding it with the ^ symbol. As such x^2 is equivalent to x2.
Select one:
a. log n – log m
b. n log n
c. log n + log m
d. log(n^m)
The correct answer is: log n + log m
Question 15
The process for visiting all of the nodes of a binary tree in some order is called a traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 16
A list is said to be empty when all of its elements have a zero (0) value
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 17
A list that organizes the order of records within the list based upon patterns of actual record access is called a/an (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. Quadratic Binary search order
b. A Zipf Distribution
c. A Self-organizing list
d. A range query
The correct answer is: A Self-organizing list
Question 18
A sort that features a limit of n-1 of record swaps is called:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Sepng from disk is referred to as:
Select one:
a. Buffering
b. Hashing
c. Pooling
d. Indexing
The correct answer is: Buffering
Question 20
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by:
Select one:
a. Big Oh (O)
b. Big Omega (Ω)
c. Big Theta (Θ)
d. Exponential growth
The correct answer is: Big Oh (O)
Question 21
A coding scheme that replaces repeated occurrences of strings with a pointer to the location in the file of the first occurrence of the string is called Ziv-Lempel coding.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 22
In linked lists there are no NULL links in:
Select one:
a. Single linked list
b. Linear doubly linked list
c. Circular linked list
d. None of these
The correct answer is: Circular linked list
Q@8case:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 24
Internal Fragmentation refers to: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector
b. Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent on the disk drive
c. Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
d. None of the options
The correct answer is: Space that is left empty because records do not fit evenly into a sector or Space allocated to a file that is not physically adjacent
Question 25
A binary tree traversal that lists every node in the tree exactly once is called:
Select one:
a. a Traversal
b. A visitor design pattern
c. An enumeration
d. Natural ordering sequence
The correct answer is: An enumeration
Question 26
Which of the following is not one of the general approaches to search algorithms:
Select one:
a. Buffer cache access methods
b. Sequential and list methods
c. Direct access by key value (hashing)
d. Tree indexing methods
The correct answer is: Buffer cache access methods
Question 27
In a queue, placing new items in the queue is referred to as a push and taking an item out of the queue is called a pop.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 28
Which of the following is not a mathematical proof technique?
Select one:
a. Proof by mathematical induction
b. Proof by contradiction
c. Direct proof
d. Proof by consensus
The correct answer is: Proof by consensus
Question 29
True/False: There is always one most efficient algorithm to solve a particular problem.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 30
The process of determining if two objects are in the same set and then merging those sets is called:
Select one:
a. a Union Operation
b. Union / Find
c. a Weighted Union
d. a Merge Operation
The correct answer is: Union / Find
Question 31
Data is stored within the disk drive on the: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Spindle
b. Platter
c. Cylinder
d. Sector
The correct answer is: Platter
Question 32
The depth of node H in the following tree is:
Select one:
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 1
The correct answer is: 3
Question 33
An ADT is:
Select one:
a. A type together with a collection of operations to manipulate the type
b. An implementation of a flyweight design pattern
c. The realization of a data type as a software component
d. An implementation in java of a class for a data type
The correct answer is: The realization of a data type as a software component
Question 34
A full binary tree has a restricted shape which starts at the root and fills the tree by levels from left to right.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 35
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum1 = 0;
for (k=1; k<=n; k*=2)
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
sum1++;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 36
A linked list creates order through the use of pointers that link one element to another.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 37
The implementation of a data type as a data structure is the physical form of an ADT.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 38
Secondary storage is characterized by the following:
Select one:
a. It is persistent
b. It is faster than primary storage
c. It is volatile
d. It is more expensive than primary storage
The correct answer is: It is persistent
Question 39
The process of storing records in the order that they were added to a file is called:
Select one:
a. Entry-sequenced file
b. Binary Sequenced file
c. LIFO file format
d. Tombstone approach
The correct answer is: Entry-sequenced file
Question 40
For the following code fragment, select option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
//
// Search in array a for smallest element starting at i to n-1
//
minIndex = findSmallestElement(a, i, n-1)
a[i] = a[minIndex];
}
findSmallestElement( int a[], int i, int n ) {
int largest = a[i];
while(i<n) {
if(a[i] >a[largest])
largest = i;
i++;
}
return(largest);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
index-of-smallest element in a[i..j] takes j-i+1 operations
• n + (n-1) + (n-2) + (n-3) + ... + 3 + 2 + 1
• this is n2
The correct answer is: Option 4
Question 41
When big-Oh and coincide, we indicate this by using (select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 42
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an algorithm?
Select one:
a. It must be correct
b. It must be composed of concrete steps
c. It can have no ambiguity
d. It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
The correct answer is: It must be composed of an infinite number of steps.
Question 43
Each record of a database normally has a unique identifier called the:
Select one:
a. Secondary Key
b. Primary index
c. Primary key
d. Index key
The correct answer is: Primary key
Question 44
Which of the following is NOT one of the buffer pool heuristics defined in the text : (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. FIFO
b. LIFO
c. LRU
d. LFU
The correct answer is: LIFO
Question 45
A collection of one or more trees is called:
Select one:
a. Trees
b. Multiple Spanning Trees
c. a Forest
d. Traversals
The correct answer is: a Forest
Question 46
Enqueue and Dequeue are notations associated with which data structure:
Select one:
a. Queue
b. Stack
c. List
d. Array
The correct answer is: Queue
Question 47
A traversal that visits each node after visiting its children is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder Traversal
b. Postorder Traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Postorder Traversal
Question 48
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum2 = 0;
for (k=1; k<=n; k*=2)
for (j=1; j<=k; j++)
sum2++;
}
Choice 1. O( 2n )
Choice 2. Θ ( n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 49
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int key) {
int left = 0;
int right = a.length-1;
while (left <= right) {
int mid = left + (right-left)/2;
if (key < a[mid]) right = mid-1;
else if (key > a[mid]) left = mid+1;
else return mid;
}
//not found
return -1;
}
Option 1. Ω( 1 ), O( log n )
Option 2. Ω( n ), O( 2n )
Option 3. Θ( n log n )
Option 4. Θ( log n )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 50
The processing time or cost of a sort is defined by the number of comparisons and exchanges that must be made during processing. What is the average cost of the heapsort?:
Option 1. O( n log n )
Option 2. Ω( n2 )
Option 3. O( n2 )
Option 4. Θ( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 51
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
public E getValue ( ) {
assert (curr >= 0) && (curr < listSize) :
"No current element";
return listArray[curr];
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. O( 1 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 52
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Recursive Fibonacci generator
static long fibr(int n) {
if ((n == 1) || (n == 2)) return 1; // Base case
return fibr(n-1) + fibr(n-2); // Recursive call
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Question 53
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 54
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
A[k] = k;
return A[k];
}
Choice 1. O ( n2 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Ω( n2 )
Choice 4. Θ ( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 55
The freelist …
Select one:
a. Provides access to memory within the operating system that has not yet been allocated
b. Provides access to memory objects which have no Big O ( n ) time.
c. Facilitates and encourages the use of the new operator.
d. Holds the list nodes that are no longer in use =!
Which of the following is NOT true for Linked Lists structures (please select the best choice):
Choice 1. Insertion and deletion are ( 1 ).
Choice 2. Direct access of an item in the list structure is ( n ).
Choice 3. Space grows with number of elements.
Choice 4. There is no overhead associated with elements in the list structure
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 57
A sort algorithm that uses two nested loops with the inner loop moving through the array from bottom to top is called the:
Select one:
a. Insertion sort
b. Bubble sort
c. Inversion sort
d. Selection sort
The correct answer is: Bubble sort
Question 58
For the following code fragment, select the option which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Option 1. Ω( n2 )
Option 2. Θ ( n )
Option 3. O( log n )
Option 4. O( 2n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 59
A list is
Select one:
a. An ADT for storing and retrieving data
b. A tree data structure
c. Finite ordered sequence of data items
d. A collection of operations to implement an ADT
The correct answer is: Finite ordered sequence of data items
Question 60
Push and Pop are notations associated with which data structure:
Select one:
a. Queue
b. Stack
c. List
d. Array
The correct answer is: Stack
Question 61
A tree whose internal nodes all have exactly K children is called a K-ary tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 62
A compound computed search that combines a binary search to get close to the required record and then uses sequential search to find the item is referred to as a/an:
Select one:
a. Zipf search
b. An Exact match search
c. A Dictionary search
d. bit map vector search
The correct answer is: A Dictionary search
Question 63
Correctly identify the following heap structure by selecting the best answer:
Select one:
a. partially ordered heap
b. max-heap structure
c. priority heap
d. min-heap structure
The correct answer is: max-heap structure
Question 64
A traversal that visits each node before visiting its children is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder traversal
b. Postorder traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Preorderp
o A node contains one or two keys
o Every internal node has either 2 children if it contains 1 key or 3 children if it contains two keys
o All leaves are at the same level in the tree
Is called a/an:
Select one:
a. B*-Tree
b. BST
c. B+-Tree
d. 2-3 tree
The correct answer is: 2-3 tree
Question 66
Select the answer that best defines Huffman Coding:
Select one:
a. A set of coding rules that is typically used for compression
b. A fixed length coding scheme for character representation
c. A tree structure that trades off space and time requirements to provide a more efficient priority queue
d. An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
The correct answer is: An approach of assigning codes to characters such that the frequency length of the code depends upon the relative frequency of the corresponding character in use
Question 67
A significant benefit to using an index to hold and sort keys to a file is:
Select one:
a. Smaller keys require less I/O
b. The entire sort can always be completed in memory
c. The head of the disk drive does not need to move
d. There is no seek time added to the latency of I/O operations
The correct answer is: Smaller keys require less I/O
Question 68
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Ω( n2 )
Choice 2. Θ ( n2 )
Choice 3. O( log n )
Choice 4. O( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 69
The most time consuming of the following operations on an array based list implementation is:
Select one:
a. Inserting a new element at position n-1 in the list where n is the number of elements in the list.
b. Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
c. Removing an element at position n-1 within the list
d. Removing an element from the tail of the list.
The correct answer is: Inserting a new element into the head of the list.
Question 70
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
sum = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
sum += n;
return sum;
}
Choice 1. Ω( n2 )
Choice 2. Ω( log n2 )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. O ( n )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 4
Question 71
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum1 = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
for (j=1; j<=n; j++)
sum1++;
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n2 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n log n )
Choice 4. Ω( log n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 72
A linked list implementation relies upon static memory allocation where static refers to the requirement to pre-allocate all of the memory that will be used for the list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 73
A sorting algorithm that assigns records to bins and then relies on some other sorting technique to sort the records within each bin called:
Select one:
a. Radix Sort
b. Quicksort
c. Hash sort
d. Bucket sort
The correct answer is: Bucket sort
Question 74
True/False: The stack data structure is implemented as a LIFO structure (last in first out)
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 75
True/False: The queue data structure is implemented as FIFO structure (first in first out)
:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 76
Recursion is when an algorithm uses a series of loop structures to repeat an operation until the answer has been computed.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 77
Which of the following is NOT one of the design patterns outlined in our text.
Select one:
a. Flyweight
b. Visitor
c. Composite
d. Synergy
The correct answer is: Synergy
Question 78
In a stack which option would access the 3rd element from the top of the stack S
Option 1. S.push(-1);
Option 2. S.dequeue(-3);
Option 3. S.pop();
S.pop();
S.pop();
Option 4. S.pop(n-3);
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 3
Question 79
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
/** @return The position of an element in sorted array A with value k. If k is not in A,return A.length. */
static int binary(int[] A, int k) {
int l = -1; // Set l and r
int r = A.length; // beyond array bounds
while (l+1 != r) { // Stop when l, r meet
int i = (l+r)/2; // Check middle
if (k < A[i]) r = i; // In left half
if (k == A[i]) return i; // Found it
if (k > A[i]) l = i; // In right half
}
return A.length; // Search value not in A
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. O( log n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 80
A traversal that visits the left subtree, then the node, and then the right subtree is called:
Select one:
a. Preorder Traversal
b. Postorder Traversal
c. Inorder Traversal
d. Outoforder Traversal
The correct answer is: Inorder Traversal
Question 81
Inserting or removing an item at position n-1 within a linked list has the same cost in terms ( n ) time as the same operation in an array based implementation of a list.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 82
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
if (a.length > 0) {
return a[a.length - 1];
} else {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
Option 1. O( 1 )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
Explanation: Here n = a.length, and T(n) = 1.
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 83
The most significant difference between the B+-Tree and the BST is that the B+-Tree stores records only at the leaf nodes.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 84
According to textbook by Shaffer, a heap data structure has two properties which are:
Select one:
a. every node stores a value less than or equal to that of its children and it is a complete binary tree
b. it is a min-heap and is partially ordered
c. it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
d. it is a priority queue and is in Θ( n )
The correct answer is: it is a complete binary tree and the values stored in it are partially ordered
Question 85
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
static int function ( n ) {
for (k=0; k<n; k++)
A[k] = k;
return A[k];
}
Choice 1. Θ ( n log n )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. O( n )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 86
A linear index is an index file organized as a sequence of key/pointer pairs where the keys are in a sorter order.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 87
An exchange sort is one where: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Records in an unsorted list are moved to a sorted list
b. Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
c. An inversion is executed
d. The sorting algorithm is said to be stable
The correct answer is: Adjacent records in the list and compared and exchanged
Question 88
What is the role of the pivot in a quicksort algorithm?
Select one:
a. It identifies the maxkey value
b. It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
c. It defines the sequence for merging in the sort
d. It indicates the index of the current record being compared
The correct answer is: It specifies the point where the array will be subdivided into partitions and each partition then sorted
Question 89
If A={1, 2, 3, 4} and B={4, 5, 6}, find A∪ B .
Select one:
a. {1,2,3,4,4,5,6}
b. {4}
c. {x | x is all positive integers}
d. {1,2,3,4,5,6}
The correct answer is: {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Question 90
Setting the dirty bit causes what action to be performed on a block: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. It is deleted because it is no longer consistent
b. It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
c. Refreshes the data by re-reading the block
d. It cleans the cache by flushing all data from the cache
The correct answer is: It flushes or writes the block out to the disk
Question 91
Which of the following items is NOT true for Array-Based Lists (please select the best choice):
Choice 1. Insertion and deletion operations are ( n )
Choice 2. Direct access of an item in the array is ( 1 )
Choice 3. Space used grows dynamically as the array is populated
Choice 4. Array contains wasted space if array positions are not full
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
Question 92
The lower bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 2
Question 93
A sequential tree can be represented using a bit vector?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 94
The list of children approach uses both pointers and an array structure to represent the tree.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 95
The upper bound for the growth of the Algorithms running time is represented by (please select the best answer):
1. Big Oh (O)
2. Big Omega (Ω)
3. Big Theta (Θ)
4. Exponential growth
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 1
Question 96
A traversal of a general tree that traverses the roots subtrees from left to right, then visits the root is called a preorder traversal.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 97
For the following code fragment, select the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
// Towers of Hanoi
static void solveHanoi(int disks, char fromPole, char toPole, char withPole) {
if (disks >= 1) {
solveHanoi(disks-1, fromPole, withPole, toPole);
moveDisk(fromPole, toPole);
solveHanoi(disks-1, withPole, toPole, fromPole);
}
}
static void moveDisk(char fromPole, char toPole) {
moves++;
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 2
Question 98
The full binary tree theorem states “the number of leaves in an empty full binary tree is one more than the number of internal nodes”
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 99
The quicksort is typically slower than the heapsort by a constant factor.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 100
A sort where the list is divided into halves, the halves sorted and these two halves are merged is called:
Select one:
a. Mergesort
b. Binary sort
c. Quicksort
d. Heapsort
The correct answer is: Mergesort
Question 101
An important advantage of the sequential tree implementation is that (select the best answer):
Select one:
a. It is an extremely shallow tree
b. The data structure can be transmitted between computers
c. It saves space because no pointers are stored
d. It uses dynamic nodes
The correct answer is: It saves space because no pointers are stored
Question 102
True/False: Big Theta (Θ) indicates that the Upper and Lower bounds of an algorithm are the same.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 103
A solution is said to be efficient if it:
Select one:
a. Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
b. Executes faster than other solutions
c. Is completed in the fewest number of steps
d. Can be explained in the context of Big-Oh notation
The correct answer is: Solves the problem within the required resource constraints
Question 104
A finite set of one or more nodes such that there is one designated node call the root is a: (select the best answer)
Select one:
a. Parent root
b. a B+ tree data structure
c. Index
d. Tree
The correct answer is: Tree
Question 105
For the following code fragment, select the option that represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
Option 1. O( n )
Option 2. O( 2n )
Option 3. O( n log n )
Option 4. O( n2 )
Select one:
a. Option 1
b. Option 2
c. Option 3
d. Option 4
The correct answer is: Option 1
Question 106
For the following code fragment, select the choice which represents the most appropriate asymptotic analysis:
function ( n ) {
sum2 = 0;
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
for (j=1; j<=i; j++)
sum2++;
}
}
Choice 1. Ω ( 1 )
Choice 2. O( 2n )
Choice 3. Θ( n2 )
Choice 4. Ω( n2 )
(NOTE: code fragment is not intended to be functioning code)
Select one:
a. Choice 1
b. Choice 2
c. Choice 3
d. Choice 4
The correct answer is: Choice 3
CS 3304: ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
Using Prim’s Algorithm, determine the minimum spanning tree of the following graph. When you have identified the MST, add together the path weights and submit as your answer.
Please enter a numerical answer only; do not enter any letters or words.
Answer:
The correct answer is: 12
Question 2
Question text
Using Prim’s Algorithm, determine the minimum spanning tree of the following graph.
Which edge, written in the format of: (startnode, endnode), is NOT included in the minimum spanning tree?
Please enter your answer in the following format: (#,#)
Answer:
The correct answer is: (1, 8)
Question 3
Question text
Using Prim’s Algorithm, determine the minimum spanning tree of the following graph.
What is the weight of the minimum spanning tree (the sum of the weights of the edges included in the minimum spanning tree)?
Please enter a numerical answer only; do not enter any letters or words.
Answer:
The correct answer is: 22
Information
Information text
For the following questions, please read this problem statement:
A computer manufacturer must determine what product mix to produce. A server requires 4 CPU’s and 8 Memory modules. A desktop computer requires 1 CPU and 4 Memory modules. Each server is sold for $1850 and each desktop is sold for $925. The manufacturer must produce a quantity of both units to keep both lines in production so the quantity of servers and desktops produced must both be greater than 0.
The manufacturer can only get a supply of 1250 CPU’s and 3800 memory modules due to shortages in the supply chain. Using the Simplex algorithm, determine the number of servers and desktops that should be built to maximize the profits of the manufacturer and determine how much revenue will be generated.
Please enter a numerical answer only; do not enter any letters or words. If the answer is a dollar amount, please enter in the following format: $#,###
Question 4
Question text
How many servers should be built?
Answer:
The correct answer is: 150
Question 5
Question text
How many Desktop computers should be built?
Answer:
The correct answer is: 650
Question 6
Question text
How much Revenue (money in dollars received by selling the desktops and servers) will be generated?
Answer:
The correct answer is: $878,750.00
True/False: Dynamic Programming reduces asymptotic complexity by eliminating redundant computations.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 2
Question text
True/False: Recursive routines cannot be used in Dynamic Programming algorithms?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 3
Question text
Which of the following is NOT one of the main principles of dynamic programming algorithms?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Recursion: implemented as a recursive routine to reduce overhead and improve computational efficiency.
Question 4
Question text
True/False: In a dynamic programming algorithm, we can use a table to store results of sub-problems and then refer to this table to ensure that we don't recomputed those sub-problems.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 5
Question text
True/False: Dynamic programming is a variation of the linear programming model in that it breaks the problem down into smaller problems that are solved using the simplex method?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 6
Question text
True/False: Dynamic programming is less complex asymptotically but is substantially more complex from a programming perspective?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
If the characters 'D', 'C', 'B', 'A' are placed in a queue (in that order), and then removed one at a time, in what order will they be removed?
Select one:
The correct answer is: DCBA
Question 2
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the red line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(1)
Question 3
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the purple line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n²)
Question 4
Question text
True/False: Dijkstra's algorithm finds the shortest paths in a graph from all vertices to a given vertex.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 5
Question text
Which method of traversal does not use stack to hold nodes that are waiting to be processed?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Breadth first
Question 6
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the green line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n log n)
Question 7
Question text
______ is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in exponential time. This means that process times doubles with the addition of each data element.
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(2n)
Question 8
Question text
Breadth first search __________.
Select one:
The correct answer is: Scans all incident edges before moving to other node.
Question 9
Question text
What is the Big-Oh complexity of the selection sort?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n2)
Question 10
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity to search a balanced binary tree?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(log n)
Question 11
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity of a linear search?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n)
Question 12
Question text
_____ is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in linear time. The process time changes in the same ratio as the data size.
Select one:
n
The correct answer is: O(n)
Question 13
Question text
True/False: O(1) is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in constant time. The process time required stays constant regardless of the data size.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 14
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the blue line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(2n)
Question 15
Question text
Suppose you have a directed graph representing all the flights that an airline flies and the flying times for each connection. What algorithm might be used to find the best sequence of connections from one city to another to minimize the overall time of the flight?
Select one:
The correct answer is: A shortest-path algorithm.
Question 16
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity to traverse a linked list?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n)
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps used in a Divide-and-conquer algorithm to solve a problem?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Exhaustively searching every potential path of the problem to identify all solution candidates
Question 2
Question text
True/False: Amortized analysis allows for the establishment of a worst-case bound for the performance of an algorithm irrespective of the inputs by looking at all of the operations.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
True/False: Is ?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 2
Incorrect
Question text
Select one:
The correct answer is: Θ()
Question 3
Incorrect
Question text
What is the Asymptotic complexity of a binary search given the code below and the following recursion equation:
// initially called with low = 0, high = N - 1
BinarySearch_Right(A[0..N-1], value, low, high) {
// invariants: value >= A[i] for all i < low
value < A[i] for all i > high
if (high < low)
return low
mid = (low + high) / 2
if (A[mid] > value)
return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, low, mid-1)
else
return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, mid+1, high)
}
Select one:
The correct answer is:
Question 4
Question text
Given the following algorithm, what is the number of fundamental instructions that this routine will execute if the value of n is 4?
var M = A[ 0 ];
for ( var i = 0; i < n; ++i ) {
if ( A[ i ] >= M ) {
M = A[ i ];
}
}
Select one:
The correct answer is: 4+2n
Question 5
Question text
True/False: A Boolean variable can take on only 1 value.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 6
Question text
Which of the following is NOT a property of logarithms?
Select one:
The correct answer is:
Question 7
Question text
True/False: An algorithm is a well-defined sequence of steps used to solve a well-defined problem in finite time.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 8
Question text
True/False: The running time of an algorithm is the number of instructions it executes when run on a particular instance.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 9
Question text
True/False: An algorithm is a well-defined sequence of steps used to solve a well-defined problem in an infinite number of steps.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 10
Question text
True/False: The backtracking algorithm treats the solution space as a graph and follows a path to conclusion to find a solution to a problem. The algorithm may 'backtrack' by reversing up to previous branches in a tree and try all branches to find the solution.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 11
Question text
The Backtracking algorithm implements the following search?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Depth First Search
Given the following algorithm, what is the number of fundamental instructions that this routine will execute if the value of n is 4?
var M = A[ 0 ];
for ( var i = 0; i < n; ++i ) {
if ( A[ i ] >= M ) {
M = A[ i ];
}
}
Select one:
The correct answer is: 4+2n
Question 2
Question text
Suppose you have a directed graph representing all the flights that an airline flies and the flying times for each connection. What algorithm might be used to find the best sequence of connections from one city to another to minimize the overall time of the flight?
Select one:
The correct answer is: A shortest-path algorithm.
Question 3
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the red line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(1)
Question 4
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the purple line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n²)
Question 5
Question text
True/False: According to our reading assignments, circuit satisfiability is a good example of a problem that we don't know how to solve in polynomial time.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 6
Question text
Breadth first search __________.
Select one:
The correct answer is: Scans all incident edges before moving to other node.
Question 7
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity to traverse a linked list?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n)
Question 8
Question text
In the following graph what do the circles represent?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Vertices
Question 9
Question text
True/False: A graph with edges that point in such a way that one could follow such directed edges and visit the same vertex again, as is illustrated in the following diagram is a graph that is said to have or be:
Select one:
The correct answer is: Cyclic or cycles
Question 10
Question text
True/False: A Boolean variable can take on only 1 value.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 11
Question text
Using Prim’s Algorithm, determine the minimum spanning tree of the following graph.
Which edge, written in the format of: (startnode, endnode), is NOT included in the minimum spanning tree?
Please enter your answer in the following format: (#,#)
Answer:
The correct answer is: (1, 8)
Question 12
Question text
Which method of traversal does not use stack to hold nodes that are waiting to be processed?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Breadth first
Question 13
Question text
How many Desktop computers should be built?
Answer:
The correct answer is: 650
Question 14
Question text
True/False: Dynamic Programming reduces asymptotic complexity by eliminating redundant computations.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 15
Question text
True/False: In a dynamic programming algorithm, we can use a table to store results of sub-problems and then refer to this table to ensure that we don't recomputed those sub-problems.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 16
Question text
Consider: A farmer can plant up to 8 acres of land with wheat and barley. He can earn $5,000 for every acre he plants with wheat and $3,000 for every acre he plants with barley. His use of a necessary pesticide is limited by federal regulations to 10 gallons for his entire 8 acres. Wheat requires 2 gallons of pesticide for every acre planted and barley requires just 1 gallon per acre. Problem: What is the maximum profit he can make? Assumptions: let x = the number of acres of wheat and let y = the number of acres of barley. Which of the following is a valid constraint for this problem?
Select one:
The correct answer is: y <= 10 - 2x
Question 17
Question text
True/False: In a linear programming problem there can be no more than 3 constraints:
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 18
Question text
True/False: Let T be a minimum spanning tree of G. Then, for any pair of vertices s and t, the shortest path from s to T is G is the path from s to t in T.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 19
Question text
______ is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in exponential time. This means that process times doubles with the addition of each data element.
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(2n)
Question 20
Question text
True/False: O(1) is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in constant time. The process time required stays constant regardless of the data size.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 21
Question text
True/False: Linear programming is used primarily to solve problems of optimization?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 22
Question text
Which of the following is NOT one of the main principles of dynamic programming algorithms?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Recursion: implemented as a recursive routine to reduce overhead and improve computational efficiency.
Question 23
Question text
A process that is designed to visit every vertex in a graph is known as a:
Select one:
The correct answer is: Graph traversal
Question 24
Question text
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps used in a Divide-and-conquer algorithm to solve a problem?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Exhaustively searching every potential path of the problem to identify all solution candidates
Question 25
Question text
True/False: The backtracking algorithm treats the solution space as a graph and follows a path to conclusion to find a solution to a problem. The algorithm may 'backtrack' by reversing up to previous branches in a tree and try all branches to find the solution.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 26
Question text
Consider the following figure:
Select one:
The correct answer is: Pivot column
Question 27
Question text
True/False: In linear programming a constraint must be represented as a inequality.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 28
Question text
Linear programming problems can be solved using which of the following:
Select one:
The correct answer is: Simplex method
Question 29
Question text
True/False: The running time of an algorithm is the number of instructions it executes when run on a particular instance.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 30
Question text
What term best describes this graph?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Undirected Graph
Question 31
Question text
What is the Asymptotic complexity of a binary search given the code below and the following recursion equation:
// initially called with low = 0, high = N - 1
BinarySearch_Right(A[0..N-1], value, low, high) {
// invariants: value >= A[i] for all i < low
value < A[i] for all i > high
if (high < low)
return low
mid = (low + high) / 2
if (A[mid] > value)
return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, low, mid-1)
else
return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, mid+1, high)
}
Select one:
The correct answer is:
Question 32
Question text
True/False: A reduction is solving problem A using problem B where an algorithm for B exists (for example redefining an optimization problem as a search problem).
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
True/False: In linear programming, either the constraints or the optimization criteria must be linear functions.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 2
Question text
True/False: An algorithm is a well-defined sequence of steps used to solve a well-defined problem in an infinite number of steps.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 3
Question text
True/False: Is ?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 4
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity to search a balanced binary tree?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(log n)
Question 5
Question text
Consider the following figure:
Select one:
The correct answer is: The optimal solution
Question 6
Question text
True/False: Recursive routines cannot be used in Dynamic Programming algorithms?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 7
Question text
True/False: Linear programming is an excellent approach for optimization problems where the objective function graphs as a curvilinear line.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 8
Question text
_____ is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in linear time. The process time changes in the same ratio as the data size.
Select one:
n
The correct answer is: O(n)
Question 9
Question text
What term best describes this graph?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Undirected Graph
Question 10
Question text
True/False: NP is the set of decision problems that can be solved in polynomial time.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 11
Question text
According to the Cook-Levin Theorem, Circuit satisfiability is:
Select one:
The correct answer is: NP-Complete
Question 12
Question text
The Backtracking algorithm implements the following search?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Depth First Search
Question 13
Question text
Using Prim’s Algorithm, determine the minimum spanning tree of the following graph.
What is the weight of the minimum spanning tree (the sum of the weights of the edges included in the minimum spanning tree)?
Please enter a numerical answer only; do not enter any letters or words.
Answer:
The correct answer is: 22
Question 14
Question text
Select one:
The correct answer is: Θ()
Question 15
Question text
What is the Big-Oh complexity of the selection sort?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n2)
Question 16
Question text
True/False: A graph is a set of vertices and a set of edges such that each edge is a connection between a pair of vertices.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 17
Question text
Which of the following is NOT a property of logarithms?
Select one:
The correct answer is:
Question 18
Question text
How many servers should be built?
Answer:
The correct answer is: 150
Question 19
Question text
In a linear programming problem, a statement such as max x1 + 6x2 represents:
Select one:
The correct answer is: The Objective function
Question 20
Question text
True/False: A graph with numbers or letters on the vertices is called a labeled graph.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 21
Question text
True/False: Amortized analysis allows for the establishment of a worst-case bound for the performance of an algorithm irrespective of the inputs by looking at all of the operations.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 22
Question text
If the characters 'D', 'C', 'B', 'A' are placed in a queue (in that order), and then removed one at a time, in what order will they be removed?
Select one:
The correct answer is: DCBA
Question 23
Question text
True/False: A graph with edges that have no directional indication as in the following diagram is called a uni-directed graph.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 24
Question text
Consider the following figure. What does the region that is shaded represent?
Select one:
The correct answer is: The Feasible region
Question 25
Question text
True/False: Dynamic programming is a variation of the linear programming model in that it breaks the problem down into smaller problems that are solved using the simplex method?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 26
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the blue line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(2n)
Question 27
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the green line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n log n)
Question 28
Question text
In a linear programming problem assuming the Simplex Method the following is known as:
Select one:
The correct answer is: The Tableau
Question 29
Question text
What term best describes this graph?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Directed Acyclic Graph
Question 30
Question text
True/False: Dynamic programming is less complex asymptotically but is substantially more complex from a programming perspective?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 31
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity of a linear search?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n)
Question 32
Question text
True/False: Dijkstra's algorithm finds the shortest paths in a graph from all vertices to a given vertex.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Which of the following is NOT a property of logarithms?
Select one:
The correct answer is:
Question 2
Question text
True/False: O(1) is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in constant time. The process time required stays constant regardless of the data size.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 3
Question text
True/False: The Simplex method is important for computer programming, as the need for processing power is significantly lower when using it as opposed to other methods.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 4
Question text
_____ is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in linear time. The process time changes in the same ratio as the data size.
Select one:
n
The correct answer is: O(n)
Question 5
Question text
Which of the following is NOT one of the main principles of dynamic programming algorithms?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Recursion: implemented as a recursive routine to reduce overhead and improve computational efficiency.
Question 6
Question text
True/False: Dijkstra's algorithm finds the shortest paths in a graph from all vertices to a given vertex.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 7
Question text
True/False: The backtracking algorithm treats the solution space as a graph and follows a path to conclusion to find a solution to a problem. The algorithm may 'backtrack' by reversing up to previous branches in a tree and try all branches to find the solution.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 8
Question text
What is the Asymptotic complexity of a binary search given the code below and the following recursion equation:
// initially called with low = 0, high = N - 1
BinarySearch_Right(A[0..N-1], value, low, high) {
// invariants: value >= A[i] for all i < low
value < A[i] for all i > high
if (high < low)
return low
mid = (low + high) / 2
if (A[mid] > value)
return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, low, mid-1)
else
return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, mid+1, high)
}
Select one:
The correct answer is:
Question 9
Question text
True/False: Is ?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 10
Question text
Consider the following figure. What does the region that is shaded represent?
Select one:
The correct answer is: The Feasible region
Question 11
Question text
Which method of traversal does not use stack to hold nodes that are waiting to be processed?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Breadth first
Question 12
Question text
True/False: Dynamic programming is a variation of the linear programming model in that it breaks the problem down into smaller problems that are solved using the simplex method?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 13
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity of a linear search?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n)
Question 14
Question text
How much Revenue (money in dollars received by selling the desktops and servers) will be generated?
Answer:
The correct answer is: $878,750.00
Question 15
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity to traverse a linked list?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n)
Question 16
Question text
True/False: Linear programming is an excellent approach for optimization problems where the objective function graphs as a curvilinear line.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 17
Question text
True/False: Amortized analysis allows for the establishment of a worst-case bound for the performance of an algorithm irrespective of the inputs by looking at all of the operations.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 18
Question text
Breadth first search __________.
Select one:
The correct answer is: Scans all incident edges before moving to other node.
Question 19
Question text
Consider the following figure:
Select one:
The correct answer is: Pivot column
Question 20
Question text
Using Prim’s Algorithm, determine the minimum spanning tree of the following graph.
What is the weight of the minimum spanning tree (the sum of the weights of the edges included in the minimum spanning tree)?
Please enter a numerical answer only; do not enter any letters or words.
Answer:
The correct answer is: 22
Question 21
Question text
Using Prim’s Algorithm, determine the minimum spanning tree of the following graph. When you have identified the MST, add together the path weights and submit as your answer.
Please enter a numerical answer only; do not enter any letters or words.
Answer:
The correct answer is: 12
Question 22
Question text
In the following graph what do the circles represent?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Vertices
Question 23
Question text
True/False: Dynamic programming is less complex asymptotically but is substantially more complex from a programming perspective?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 24
Question text
True/False: Let T be a minimum spanning tree of G. Then, for any pair of vertices s and t, the shortest path from s to T is G is the path from s to t in T.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 25
Question text
True/False: Linear programming is used primarily to solve problems of optimization?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 26
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the green line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n log n)
Question 27
Question text
True/False: A graph is a set of vertices and a set of edges such that each edge is a connection between a pair of vertices.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 28
Question text
True/False: A graph with edges that point in such a way that one could follow such directed edges and visit the same vertex again, as is illustrated in the following diagram is a graph that is said to have or be:
Select one:
The correct answer is: Cyclic or cycles
Question 29
Question text
True/False: A graph with numbers or letters on the vertices is called a labeled graph.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 30
Question text
According to the Cook-Levin Theorem, Circuit satisfiability is:
Select one:
The correct answer is: NP-Complete
Question 31
Question text
True/False: NP is the set of decision problems that can be solved in polynomial time.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 32
Question text
True/False: An algorithm is a well-defined sequence of steps used to solve a well-defined problem in finite time.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
True/False: In a dynamic programming algorithm, we can use a table to store results of sub-problems and then refer to this table to ensure that we don't recomputed those sub-problems.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 2
Question text
How many Desktop computers should be built?
Answer:
The correct answer is: 650
Question 3
Question text
True/False: A reduction is solving problem A using problem B where an algorithm for B exists (for example redefining an optimization problem as a search problem).
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 4
Question text
What will be the Big-Oh complexity to search a balanced binary tree?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(log n)
Question 5
Question text
What term best describes this graph?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Directed Acyclic Graph
Question 6
Question text
True/False: The running time of an algorithm is the number of instructions it executes when run on a particular instance.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 7
Question text
What is the Big-Oh complexity of the selection sort?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n2)
Question 8
Question text
True/False: A graph with edges that have no directional indication as in the following diagram is called a uni-directed graph.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 9
Question text
True/False: Recursive routines cannot be used in Dynamic Programming algorithms?
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 10
Question text
Suppose you have a directed graph representing all the flights that an airline flies and the flying times for each connection. What algorithm might be used to find the best sequence of connections from one city to another to minimize the overall time of the flight?
Select one:
The correct answer is: A shortest-path algorithm.
Question 11
Question text
Select one:
The correct answer is: Θ()
Question 12
Question text
A process that is designed to visit every vertex in a graph is known as a:
Select one:
The correct answer is: Graph traversal
Question 13
Question text
True/False: A graph is a set of vertices and a set of edges such that each edge is a connection between a pair of vertices.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 14
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the blue line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(2n)
Question 15
Question text
True/False: Dynamic Programming reduces asymptotic complexity by eliminating redundant computations.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 16
Question text
In a linear programming problem, a statement such as max x1 + 6x2 represents:
Select one:
The correct answer is: The Objective function
Question 17
Question text
Linear programming problems can be solved using which of the following:
Select one:
The correct answer is: Simplex method
Question 18
Question text
Consider the following figure:
Select one:
The correct answer is: The optimal solution
Question 19
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the red line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(1)
Question 20
Question text
True/False: An algorithm is a well-defined sequence of steps used to solve a well-defined problem in finite time.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 21
Question text
In a linear programming problem assuming the Simplex Method the following is known as:
Select one:
The correct answer is: The Tableau
Question 22
Question text
What is the big-o complexity of the purple line?
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(n²)
Question 23
Question text
True/False: In linear programming a constraint must be represented as a inequality.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Question 24
Question text
True/False: A graph with numbers or letters on the vertices is called a labeled graph.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 25
Question text
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps used in a Divide-and-conquer algorithm to solve a problem?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Exhaustively searching every potential path of the problem to identify all solution candidates
Question 26
Question text
______ is the time complexity of an algorithm that operates in exponential time. This means that process times doubles with the addition of each data element.
Select one:
The correct answer is: O(2n)
Question 27
Question text
If the characters 'D', 'C', 'B', 'A' are placed in a queue (in that order), and then removed one at a time, in what order will they be removed?
Select one:
The correct answer is: DCBA
Question 28
Question text
The Backtracking algorithm implements the following search?
Select one:
The correct answer is: Depth First Search
Question 29
Question text
How much Revenue (money in dollars received by selling the desktops and servers) will be generated?
Answer:
The correct answer is: $878,750.00
Question 30
Question text
Given the following algorithm, what is the number of fundamental instructions that this routine will execute if the value of n is 4?
var M = A[ 0 ];
for ( var i = 0; i < n; ++i ) {
if ( A[ i ] >= M ) {
M = A[ i ];
}
}
Select one:
The correct answer is: 4+2n
Question 31
Question text
True/False: According to our reading assignments, circuit satisfiability is a good example of a problem that we don't know how to solve in polynomial time.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Question 32
Question text
Using Prim’s Algorithm, determine the minimum spanning tree of the following graph. When you have identified the MST, add together the path weights and submit as your answer.
Please enter a numerical answer only; do not enter any letters or words.
Answer:
The correct answer is: 12
